Question 1

____ is the main disruptive factor underlying the irrelevant sound effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity to speech 
B)  similarity between the primary task and irrelevant sound 
C)  acoustic change 
D)  loudness 
A)  similarity to speech 
B)  similarity between the primary task and irrelevant sound 
C)  acoustic change 
D)  loudness

Question 2

The irrelevant sound effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the difficulty in remembering meaningless sounds 
B)  the distraction of our attention by extraneous sound 
C)  our preference of sounds over speech 
D)  more efficient cognitive work when listening to music 
A)  the difficulty in remembering meaningless sounds 
B)  the distraction of our attention by extraneous sound 
C)  our preference of sounds over speech 
D)  more efficient cognitive work when listening to music

Question 3

Discuss how we able to attend selectively to one source of auditory information while excluding all others? Using this knowledge, how can auditory warnings be made more effective?

Accepted Answer

Our ability to attend selectively to one

Question 4

If focused attention on a particular display element is required, decreasing the distance between display elements (bringing them closer together) will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease clutter 
B)  increase spatial proximity 
C)  inhibit divided attention 
D)  decrease perceptual competition 
A)  decrease clutter 
B)  increase spatial proximity 
C)  inhibit divided attention 
D)  decrease perceptual competition

Question 5

A group of similarly-colored objects in an otherwise cluttered visual field can be easy to pick out. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  abutment 
B)  connections 
C)  close proximity in color 
D)  close proximity in space 
A)  abutment 
B)  connections 
C)  close proximity in color 
D)  close proximity in space

Question 6

Describe the factors that decrease the likelihood of detecting changes to our environment.

Accepted Answer

There are several factors that can decre

Question 7

If text instructions about how to manipulate a control are connected with a line to a picture of the control on the equipment, we are using which form of display proximity?

Accepted Answer

A)  close proximity in space 
B)  abutment 
C)  homogeneous features 
D)  connections 
A)  close proximity in space 
B)  abutment 
C)  homogeneous features 
D)  connections

Question 8

The use of physical characteristics of sound to focus our attention selectively is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  auditory streaming 
B)  binaural cues 
C)  monaural cues 
D)  phonetics 
A)  auditory streaming 
B)  binaural cues 
C)  monaural cues 
D)  phonetics

Question 9

Pre-attentive processing is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit processing 
B)  feature processing 
C)  local processing 
D)  global processing 
A)  implicit processing 
B)  feature processing 
C)  local processing 
D)  global processing

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle that causes stimuli to be preattentively grouped together in a display?

Accepted Answer

A)  function 
B)  proximity 
C)  similarity 
D)  closure 
A)  function 
B)  proximity 
C)  similarity 
D)  closure

Question 11

Discuss the proximity compatibility principle and what it means for display design.

Accepted Answer

The proximity compatibility principle is

Question 12

With an object display, the shape of the object can indicate whether values are in normal (symmetric) or abnormal (asymmetric) ranges. The shape of the object primarily serves:

Accepted Answer

A)  to designate individual values 
B)  to demonstrate close proximity in space 
C)  as a separated display 
D)  as an emergent feature 
A)  to designate individual values 
B)  to demonstrate close proximity in space 
C)  as a separated display 
D)  as an emergent feature

Question 13

An emergent feature is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  global property of a set of stimuli that is not evident when each is seen in isolation 
B)  unit that is processed quicker than others 
C)  local property of a single stimulus that is evident when seen as part of a set of stimuli 
D)  property which is used to recognize words by their shape 
A)  global property of a set of stimuli that is not evident when each is seen in isolation 
B)  unit that is processed quicker than others 
C)  local property of a single stimulus that is evident when seen as part of a set of stimuli 
D)  property which is used to recognize words by their shape

Question 14

What is our Useful Field of View?

Accepted Answer

Our Useful Field of View (UFOV) refers t

Question 15

Inattentional blindness is related to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency of the unexpected event 
B)  frequency of the primary task 
C)  difficulty of the primary task 
D)  perceived urgency of the primary task 
A)  frequency of the unexpected event 
B)  frequency of the primary task 
C)  difficulty of the primary task 
D)  perceived urgency of the primary task

Question 16

In the flanker paradigm, which condition produced the fastest response times?

Accepted Answer

A)  R L R 
B)  L R L 
C)  N R X 
D)  L L L 
A)  R L R 
B)  L R L 
C)  N R X 
D)  L L L

Question 17

The irrelevant sound effect is most pronounced for tasks that:

Accepted Answer

A)  involve memory for non-words 
B)  involve speech-related tasks 
C)  are perceived to be frustrating 
D)  involve the maintenance of item order in memory 
A)  involve memory for non-words 
B)  involve speech-related tasks 
C)  are perceived to be frustrating 
D)  involve the maintenance of item order in memory

Question 18

It is possible to design a display that is effective for both integration and focused attention tasks. Which of the following statements best describes why?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is sometimes possible to find separations that help integration but do not hurt focused attention. 
B)  it is sometimes possible to find separations that help focused attention but do not help integration. 
C)  decreasing separation from 20 to 2 degrees hurts focused attention 
D)  rendering two items the same color helps focus attention 
A)  it is sometimes possible to find separations that help integration but do not hurt focused attention. 
B)  it is sometimes possible to find separations that help focused attention but do not help integration. 
C)  decreasing separation from 20 to 2 degrees hurts focused attention 
D)  rendering two items the same color helps focus attention

Question 19

What are the four components of the SEEV model?

Accepted Answer

A)  salience, effort, expectancy, value 
B)  search, effort, extraction, volition 
C)  salience, effort, eye field, value 
D)  signal, enhance, expectancy, volition 
A)  salience, effort, expectancy, value 
B)  search, effort, extraction, volition 
C)  salience, effort, eye field, value 
D)  signal, enhance, expectancy, volition

Question 20

An aircraft pilot might want to compare actual speed to a target speed. Based on your knowledge of PCP, what display format should be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  each speed represented by the height of a bar, connected by a line 
B)  one speed expressed spatially and the other by color code 
C)  a display in which the two values are spatially separated 
D)  a display in which the two values are part of separate objects 
A)  each speed represented by the height of a bar, connected by a line 
B)  one speed expressed spatially and the other by color code 
C)  a display in which the two values are spatially separated 
D)  a display in which the two values are part of separate objects

____ is the main disruptive factor underlying the irrelevant sound effect.

The irrelevant sound effect refers to:

Discuss how we able to attend selectively to one source of auditory information while excluding all others? Using this knowledge, how can auditory warnings be made more effective?

If focused attention on a particular display element is required, decreasing the distance between display elements (bringing them closer together) will

A group of similarly-colored objects in an otherwise cluttered visual field can be easy to pick out. This is an example of:

Describe the factors that decrease the likelihood of detecting changes to our environment.

If text instructions about how to manipulate a control are connected with a line to a picture of the control on the equipment, we are using which form of display proximity?

The use of physical characteristics of sound to focus our attention selectively is known as:

Pre-attentive processing is also known as:

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle that causes stimuli to be preattentively grouped together in a display?

Discuss the proximity compatibility principle and what it means for display design.

With an object display, the shape of the object can indicate whether values are in normal (symmetric) or abnormal (asymmetric) ranges. The shape of the object primarily serves:

An emergent feature is a:

What is our Useful Field of View?

Inattentional blindness is related to the:

In the flanker paradigm, which condition produced the fastest response times?

The irrelevant sound effect is most pronounced for tasks that:

It is possible to design a display that is effective for both integration and focused attention tasks. Which of the following statements best describes why?

What are the four components of the SEEV model?

An aircraft pilot might want to compare actual speed to a target speed. Based on your knowledge of PCP, what display format should be most effective?

Research Methods

Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

Spatial Displays

Spatial Cognition Navigation and Manual Control

Language and Communication

Memory and Training

Decision Making

Selection of Action

Multi-Tasking

Mental Workload and Stress

Human-Automation Interaction

Filters

Exam 3: Attention in Perception and Display Space

____ is the main disruptive factor underlying the irrelevant sound effect.

The irrelevant sound effect refers to:

Discuss how we able to attend selectively to one source of auditory information while excluding all others? Using this knowledge, how can auditory warnings be made more effective?

If focused attention on a particular display element is required, decreasing the distance between display elements (bringing them closer together) will

A group of similarly-colored objects in an otherwise cluttered visual field can be easy to pick out. This is an example of:

Describe the factors that decrease the likelihood of detecting changes to our environment.

If text instructions about how to manipulate a control are connected with a line to a picture of the control on the equipment, we are using which form of display proximity?

The use of physical characteristics of sound to focus our attention selectively is known as:

Pre-attentive processing is also known as:

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle that causes stimuli to be preattentively grouped together in a display?

Discuss the proximity compatibility principle and what it means for display design.

With an object display, the shape of the object can indicate whether values are in normal (symmetric) or abnormal (asymmetric) ranges. The shape of the object primarily serves:

An emergent feature is a:

What is our Useful Field of View?

Inattentional blindness is related to the:

In the flanker paradigm, which condition produced the fastest response times?

The irrelevant sound effect is most pronounced for tasks that:

It is possible to design a display that is effective for both integration and focused attention tasks. Which of the following statements best describes why?

What are the four components of the SEEV model?

An aircraft pilot might want to compare actual speed to a target speed. Based on your knowledge of PCP, what display format should be most effective?

Research Methods

Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

Spatial Displays

Spatial Cognition Navigation and Manual Control

Language and Communication

Memory and Training

Decision Making

Selection of Action

Multi-Tasking

Mental Workload and Stress

Human-Automation Interaction

Filters