Question 1

Robert K. Merton's theory hinges on the gap or lack of congruence between which of the two institutional orders? The:

Accepted Answer

A)  political and the educational order 
B)  the military and the diplomatic order 
C)  the religious and the artistic order 
D)  the economic and the cultural order 
E)  none of the above 
A)  political and the educational order 
B)  the military and the diplomatic order 
C)  the religious and the artistic order 
D)  the economic and the cultural order 
E)  none of the above D

Question 2

Anomie theory attempts to explain the motives for non-normative behavior; in contrast, routine activity theory assumes that non-normative behavior is inherently attractive and appealing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Social disorganization theory has been entirely discredited and falsified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Retreatism is exemplified by which of Merton's adaptions to the strain induced by anomie?

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic alcoholism 
B)  burglary 
C)  autism 
D)  being a revolutionary 
E)  prostitution 
A)  chronic alcoholism 
B)  burglary 
C)  autism 
D)  being a revolutionary 
E)  prostitution

Question 5

A sociologist expressing which of the following theories would have been most likely to have written this quote: "It is only when a system of cultural values extols [praises, encourages] . . . certain common success goals for the population at large while the social structure rigorously restricts or completely closes access to approved modes of reaching these goals for a considerable part of that same population, that deviant behavior ensues on a large scale."

Accepted Answer

A)  differential association theory 
B)  social control theory 
C)  anomie/strain theory 
D)  routine activities theory 
E)  social disorganization theory 
A)  differential association theory 
B)  social control theory 
C)  anomie/strain theory 
D)  routine activities theory 
E)  social disorganization theory

Question 6

"Crime takes place as a consequence of the conjunction of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian." This statement best exemplifies which of the following theories or perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A)  routine activities theory 
B)  social control theory 
C)  social disorganization theory 
D)  anomie/strain theory 
E)  differential association theory 
A)  routine activities theory 
B)  social control theory 
C)  social disorganization theory 
D)  anomie/strain theory 
E)  differential association theory

Question 7

Positivism's central mission is:

Accepted Answer

A)  developing empathy toward human actors. 
B)  devising scientific explanations for why things happen in the material world. 
C)  bringing about the socialist revolution. 
D)  understanding how people experience things. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  developing empathy toward human actors. 
B)  devising scientific explanations for why things happen in the material world. 
C)  bringing about the socialist revolution. 
D)  understanding how people experience things. 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Social disorganization is the "micro" version of routine activity theory, which is a "macro" theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the central explanatory factor of anomie theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate parenting 
B)  absence of bonds to conventional society 
C)  deviant socialization 
D)  a disjunction between the culture, which stresses success motivation, and society's social and economic structure 
E)  none of the above 
A)  inadequate parenting 
B)  absence of bonds to conventional society 
C)  deviant socialization 
D)  a disjunction between the culture, which stresses success motivation, and society's social and economic structure 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

The most important factor in social disorganization theory is very closely related to one of routine activity theory's key explanatory variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  socioeconomic status 
B)  a rigid belief system 
C)  the number of mental defectives living in a neighborhood 
D)  absence of a capable guardian 
E)  one's belief in the capacity to rise in the economic hierarchy 
A)  socioeconomic status 
B)  a rigid belief system 
C)  the number of mental defectives living in a neighborhood 
D)  absence of a capable guardian 
E)  one's belief in the capacity to rise in the economic hierarchy

Question 11

The sociologist known for fashioning the social control theory of crime is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Emile Durkheim 
B)  Robert K. Merton 
C) Edwin Sutherland 
D)  Cesare Lombroso 
E)  Travis Hirschi 
A)  Emile Durkheim 
B)  Robert K. Merton 
C) Edwin Sutherland 
D)  Cesare Lombroso 
E)  Travis Hirschi

Question 12

A sociologist expressing which of the following theories would have been most likely to have written this quote: "Poor, dense, mixed-use neighborhoods have high transience rates. . . . Transience weakens . . . both formal and informal social control, which increases the likelihood of deviant behavior."

Accepted Answer

A)  anomie/strain theory 
B)  social disorganization theory 
C)  differential association theory 
D)  routine activities theory 
E)  social control theory 
A)  anomie/strain theory 
B)  social disorganization theory 
C)  differential association theory 
D)  routine activities theory 
E)  social control theory

Question 13

The positivistic theories examined in this chapter focus mainly on the question, "Why are certain forms of behavior regarded as deviant?"

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Gottfredson and Hirschi state that their theory demolishes all other explanations of deviance and crime, except for two. One is routine activities theory; the other is:

Accepted Answer

A)  social disorganization theory. 
B)  differential association theory. 
C)  anomie theory. 
D)  subculture theory. 
E)  none of the above; all of the above, say Gottfredson and Hirschi, are falsified by their theory 
A)  social disorganization theory. 
B)  differential association theory. 
C)  anomie theory. 
D)  subculture theory. 
E)  none of the above; all of the above, say Gottfredson and Hirschi, are falsified by their theory

Question 15

Positivistic theories of deviance are centrally concerned with an answer to the question:

Accepted Answer

A)  Why are some rule violators punished while conformists remain unpunished? 
B)  Why are rules that condemn certain behaviors or beliefs enforced? 
C)  Why do rules against certain behaviors or beliefs exist in the first place? 
D)  How do people who are stigmatized and punished experience that stigmatization and punishment? 
E)  Why do some people engage in deviance? 
A)  Why are some rule violators punished while conformists remain unpunished? 
B)  Why are rules that condemn certain behaviors or beliefs enforced? 
C)  Why do rules against certain behaviors or beliefs exist in the first place? 
D)  How do people who are stigmatized and punished experience that stigmatization and punishment? 
E)  Why do some people engage in deviance?

Question 16

Positivism in the social sciences is the application of the scientific method to the study of human behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Both social control and self-control theory are based on the assumption that deviance is inherently attractive, that we do not have to learn to violate norms or laws, that it is conformity to the norms-not deviance and crime-that requires an explanation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, who are principal proponents of the self-control theory of deviance, delinquency, and crime, their explanation does not apply to white collar crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Anomie theory is based on the idea that in achievement-oriented societies, the social structure exerts pressure on certain persons in the society to engage in non-conforming, unconventional, or deviant behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Explanatory theories attempt mainly to account for deviant:

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior 
B)  beliefs 
C)  physical conditions 
D)  psychiatric conditions 
E)  None of the above 
A)  behavior 
B)  beliefs 
C)  physical conditions 
D)  psychiatric conditions 
E)  None of the above

Robert K. Merton's theory hinges on the gap or lack of congruence between which of the two institutional orders? The:

Anomie theory attempts to explain the motives for non-normative behavior; in contrast, routine activity theory assumes that non-normative behavior is inherently attractive and appealing.

Social disorganization theory has been entirely discredited and falsified.

Retreatism is exemplified by which of Merton's adaptions to the strain induced by anomie?

"Crime takes place as a consequence of the conjunction of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian." This statement best exemplifies which of the following theories or perspectives?

Positivism's central mission is:

Social disorganization is the "micro" version of routine activity theory, which is a "macro" theory.

What is the central explanatory factor of anomie theory?

The most important factor in social disorganization theory is very closely related to one of routine activity theory's key explanatory variable.

The sociologist known for fashioning the social control theory of crime is:

The positivistic theories examined in this chapter focus mainly on the question, "Why are certain forms of behavior regarded as deviant?"

Gottfredson and Hirschi state that their theory demolishes all other explanations of deviance and crime, except for two. One is routine activities theory; the other is:

Positivistic theories of deviance are centrally concerned with an answer to the question:

Positivism in the social sciences is the application of the scientific method to the study of human behavior.

Both social control and self-control theory are based on the assumption that deviance is inherently attractive, that we do not have to learn to violate norms or laws, that it is conformity to the norms-not deviance and crime-that requires an explanation.

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, who are principal proponents of the self-control theory of deviance, delinquency, and crime, their explanation does not apply to white collar crime.

Anomie theory is based on the idea that in achievement-oriented societies, the social structure exerts pressure on certain persons in the society to engage in non-conforming, unconventional, or deviant behavior.

Explanatory theories attempt mainly to account for deviant:

Introducing Deviance

Constructing Deviance

Poverty and Disrepute

Crime and Criminalization Criminal Behavior

White Collar Crime

Substance Abuse

Sexual Deviance

Unconventional Beliefs

Mental Disorder

Deviant Physical Characteristics

Tribal Stigma: Race, Religion, and Ethnicity

Filters

Exam 2: Explaining Deviant Behavior

Robert K. Merton's theory hinges on the gap or lack of congruence between which of the two institutional orders? The:

Anomie theory attempts to explain the motives for non-normative behavior; in contrast, routine activity theory assumes that non-normative behavior is inherently attractive and appealing.

Social disorganization theory has been entirely discredited and falsified.

Retreatism is exemplified by which of Merton's adaptions to the strain induced by anomie?

"Crime takes place as a consequence of the conjunction of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian." This statement best exemplifies which of the following theories or perspectives?

Positivism's central mission is:

Social disorganization is the "micro" version of routine activity theory, which is a "macro" theory.

What is the central explanatory factor of anomie theory?

The most important factor in social disorganization theory is very closely related to one of routine activity theory's key explanatory variable.

The sociologist known for fashioning the social control theory of crime is:

The positivistic theories examined in this chapter focus mainly on the question, "Why are certain forms of behavior regarded as deviant?"

Gottfredson and Hirschi state that their theory demolishes all other explanations of deviance and crime, except for two. One is routine activities theory; the other is:

Positivistic theories of deviance are centrally concerned with an answer to the question:

Positivism in the social sciences is the application of the scientific method to the study of human behavior.

Both social control and self-control theory are based on the assumption that deviance is inherently attractive, that we do not have to learn to violate norms or laws, that it is conformity to the norms-not deviance and crime-that requires an explanation.

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, who are principal proponents of the self-control theory of deviance, delinquency, and crime, their explanation does not apply to white collar crime.

Anomie theory is based on the idea that in achievement-oriented societies, the social structure exerts pressure on certain persons in the society to engage in non-conforming, unconventional, or deviant behavior.

Explanatory theories attempt mainly to account for deviant:

Introducing Deviance

Constructing Deviance

Poverty and Disrepute

Crime and Criminalization Criminal Behavior

White Collar Crime

Substance Abuse

Sexual Deviance

Unconventional Beliefs

Mental Disorder

Deviant Physical Characteristics

Tribal Stigma: Race, Religion, and Ethnicity

Filters