Question 1

The innovation mode of adaptation in Merton's anomie theory applies to:

Accepted Answer

A)  suicide 
B)  sexual unconventionality 
C)  pick-pocketing 
D)  being a petty red-tape bureaucrat 
E)  drug addiction 
A)  suicide 
B)  sexual unconventionality 
C)  pick-pocketing 
D)  being a petty red-tape bureaucrat 
E)  drug addiction

Question 2

As a scientific theory, positivism seeks supernatural explanations for phenomena that exist in a dimension other than in the material world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

By the 1990s, anomie theory had become completely discredited in American sociology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Anomie or strain theory argues that deviant behavior is most common among the most successful members of the middle class.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The architects of self-control theory, Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi, argue that their explanation of crime complements or is compatible with all of the other sociological theories of criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In what ways are the positivistic theories of deviance, crime, and delinquency inadequate or incomplete, according to the constructionist approaches? In what ways, do its advocates argue, is the constructionist approach more adequate or complete? In what ways are the positivist approaches stronger than the constructionist approaches?

Accepted Answer

The positivistic theories of deviance, c

Question 7

Which of the following perspectives bills itself as "a general theory of crime"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emile Durkheim's anomie theory 
B)  Robert K. Merton's anomie theory 
C)  Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi's self-control theory 
D)  Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association 
E)  Travis Hirschi's social control theory 
A)  Emile Durkheim's anomie theory 
B)  Robert K. Merton's anomie theory 
C)  Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi's self-control theory 
D)  Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association 
E)  Travis Hirschi's social control theory

Question 8

Social disorganization theory argues that deviance varies systematically by neighborhood and community ecological location.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the central explanatory factor of self-control theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate parenting 
B)  deviant socialization 
C)  absence of bonds to conventional society 
D)  a disjunction between the culture, which stresses success motivation, and society's social and economic structure 
E)  none of the above 
A)  inadequate parenting 
B)  deviant socialization 
C)  absence of bonds to conventional society 
D)  a disjunction between the culture, which stresses success motivation, and society's social and economic structure 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following theories argues that in order to engage in crime, we need to be pushed into or motivated to engage in criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  routine activities theory 
B)  social disorganization theory 
C)  anomie theory 
D)  social control theory 
E)  self-control theory 
A)  routine activities theory 
B)  social disorganization theory 
C)  anomie theory 
D)  social control theory 
E)  self-control theory

Question 11

Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi, who devised "self-control" theory, argue that the theory does not apply to:

Accepted Answer

A)  drug use 
B)  delinquency 
C)  street crime 
D)  white collar or corporate crime 
E)  none of the above; they explicitly state that their theory applies to all of the above 
A)  drug use 
B)  delinquency 
C)  street crime 
D)  white collar or corporate crime 
E)  none of the above; they explicitly state that their theory applies to all of the above

Question 12

Routine activity theory assumes, but does not attempt to explain, what is different about the motivated offender that makes him or her violate the norms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A sociologist advocating which of the following theories would have written this quote: "Delinquent acts result when an individual's bonds to society are weak or broken."

Accepted Answer

A)  differential association theory 
B)  social disorganization theory 
C)  routine activities theory 
D)  anomie/strain theory 
E)  social control theory 
A)  differential association theory 
B)  social disorganization theory 
C)  routine activities theory 
D)  anomie/strain theory 
E)  social control theory

Question 14

Scientists seek:

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic explanations 
B)  spiritual explanations 
C)  political explanations 
D)  religious explanations 
E)  ideological explanations 
A)  naturalistic explanations 
B)  spiritual explanations 
C)  political explanations 
D)  religious explanations 
E)  ideological explanations

Question 15

A sociologist expressing which of the following theories would have written this quote: "Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication."

Accepted Answer

A)  differential association theory 
B)  social disorganization theory 
C)  social control theory 
D)  routine activities theory 
E)  anomie/strain theory 
A)  differential association theory 
B)  social disorganization theory 
C)  social control theory 
D)  routine activities theory 
E)  anomie/strain theory

Question 16

Which of the following is a constructionist theory of deviance and crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  social disorganization theory 
B)  demonic possession 
C)  Lombroso's theory of biological atavisms 
D)  free will, rational choice, and routine activity theory 
E)  none of the above 
A)  social disorganization theory 
B)  demonic possession 
C)  Lombroso's theory of biological atavisms 
D)  free will, rational choice, and routine activity theory 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

Emile Durkheim and Robert K. Merton had very different definitions of anomie and argued that anomie had very different consequences for the society. In Merton's conceptualization, deviance results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychopathology. 
B)  improper parental socialization. 
C)  a state of normlessness. 
D)  a too-strong hold of the norms on the members of the society. 
E)  disorganized neighborhoods 
A)  psychopathology. 
B)  improper parental socialization. 
C)  a state of normlessness. 
D)  a too-strong hold of the norms on the members of the society. 
E)  disorganized neighborhoods

Question 18

The sociologist known for fashioning the differential association theory of crime is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Emile Durkheim 
B)  Robert K. Merton 
C)  Edwin Sutherland 
D)  Cesare Lombroso 
E)  Travis Hirschi 
A)  Emile Durkheim 
B)  Robert K. Merton 
C)  Edwin Sutherland 
D)  Cesare Lombroso 
E)  Travis Hirschi

Question 19

How is Robert K. Merton's anomie theory of deviance different from Emile Durkheim's, on which it is based?

Accepted Answer

Robert K. Merton's anomie theory of devi

Question 20

Robert K. Merton adapted Emile Durkheim's theory of anomie to devise his own anomie explanation of deviance. There are major differences between the two theories. Which of the following is one of them? In:

Accepted Answer

A)  Merton's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; in Durkheim's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak. 
B)  both Durkheim's and Merton's theories, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; the difference lies elsewhere. 
C)  Durkheim's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; in Merton's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak. 
D)  both Durkheim's and Merton's theories, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak; the difference lies elsewhere. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Merton's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; in Durkheim's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak. 
B)  both Durkheim's and Merton's theories, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; the difference lies elsewhere. 
C)  Durkheim's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too strong; in Merton's theory, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak. 
D)  both Durkheim's and Merton's theories, deviance is caused by norms that are too weak; the difference lies elsewhere. 
E)  none of the above

The innovation mode of adaptation in Merton's anomie theory applies to:

As a scientific theory, positivism seeks supernatural explanations for phenomena that exist in a dimension other than in the material world.

By the 1990s, anomie theory had become completely discredited in American sociology.

Anomie or strain theory argues that deviant behavior is most common among the most successful members of the middle class.

The architects of self-control theory, Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi, argue that their explanation of crime complements or is compatible with all of the other sociological theories of criminal behavior.

Which of the following perspectives bills itself as "a general theory of crime"?

Social disorganization theory argues that deviance varies systematically by neighborhood and community ecological location.

What is the central explanatory factor of self-control theory?

Which of the following theories argues that in order to engage in crime, we need to be pushed into or motivated to engage in criminal behavior?

Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi, who devised "self-control" theory, argue that the theory does not apply to:

Routine activity theory assumes, but does not attempt to explain, what is different about the motivated offender that makes him or her violate the norms.

A sociologist advocating which of the following theories would have written this quote: "Delinquent acts result when an individual's bonds to society are weak or broken."

Scientists seek:

A sociologist expressing which of the following theories would have written this quote: "Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication."

Which of the following is a constructionist theory of deviance and crime?

Emile Durkheim and Robert K. Merton had very different definitions of anomie and argued that anomie had very different consequences for the society. In Merton's conceptualization, deviance results from:

The sociologist known for fashioning the differential association theory of crime is:

How is Robert K. Merton's anomie theory of deviance different from Emile Durkheim's, on which it is based?

Robert K. Merton adapted Emile Durkheim's theory of anomie to devise his own anomie explanation of deviance. There are major differences between the two theories. Which of the following is one of them? In:

Introducing Deviance

Constructing Deviance

Poverty and Disrepute

Crime and Criminalization Criminal Behavior

White Collar Crime

Substance Abuse

Sexual Deviance

Unconventional Beliefs

Mental Disorder

Deviant Physical Characteristics

Tribal Stigma: Race, Religion, and Ethnicity

Filters

Exam 2: Explaining Deviant Behavior

The innovation mode of adaptation in Merton's anomie theory applies to:

As a scientific theory, positivism seeks supernatural explanations for phenomena that exist in a dimension other than in the material world.

By the 1990s, anomie theory had become completely discredited in American sociology.

Anomie or strain theory argues that deviant behavior is most common among the most successful members of the middle class.

The architects of self-control theory, Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi, argue that their explanation of crime complements or is compatible with all of the other sociological theories of criminal behavior.

Which of the following perspectives bills itself as "a general theory of crime"?

Social disorganization theory argues that deviance varies systematically by neighborhood and community ecological location.

What is the central explanatory factor of self-control theory?

Which of the following theories argues that in order to engage in crime, we need to be pushed into or motivated to engage in criminal behavior?

Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi, who devised "self-control" theory, argue that the theory does not apply to:

Routine activity theory assumes, but does not attempt to explain, what is different about the motivated offender that makes him or her violate the norms.

A sociologist advocating which of the following theories would have written this quote: "Delinquent acts result when an individual's bonds to society are weak or broken."

Scientists seek:

A sociologist expressing which of the following theories would have written this quote: "Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication."

Which of the following is a constructionist theory of deviance and crime?

Emile Durkheim and Robert K. Merton had very different definitions of anomie and argued that anomie had very different consequences for the society. In Merton's conceptualization, deviance results from:

The sociologist known for fashioning the differential association theory of crime is:

How is Robert K. Merton's anomie theory of deviance different from Emile Durkheim's, on which it is based?

Robert K. Merton adapted Emile Durkheim's theory of anomie to devise his own anomie explanation of deviance. There are major differences between the two theories. Which of the following is one of them? In:

Introducing Deviance

Constructing Deviance

Poverty and Disrepute

Crime and Criminalization Criminal Behavior

White Collar Crime

Substance Abuse

Sexual Deviance

Unconventional Beliefs

Mental Disorder

Deviant Physical Characteristics

Tribal Stigma: Race, Religion, and Ethnicity

Filters