Exam 3: Constructing Deviance

The central, guiding, foundational concept in all constructionist perspectives toward deviance is:

To labeling theorists, there is only one relevant audience-the general society.

Why did feminists criticize all other prior perspectives toward deviance and crime? According to feminism, what were the deficiencies and flaws of these perspectives? In their estimation, what would an adequate and valid theory of deviance and crime look like?

In addition to studying the passage and enforcement of criminal laws, conflict theorists have also examined the causes of criminal behavior.

Controlologists tend to focus on:

Labeling involves the process of attaching a stigmatizing definition to an activity, belief, condition, or person.

The two intellectual enterprises-the study of causes of deviance and the social construction of deviance-are contradictory rather than complementary.

A central argument of labeling theory as spelled out by Howard Becker, the most well-known of its proponents:

The labeling theory of deviance grew out of the general approach known as symbolic interactionism.

The central concept in conflict theory is disparities in power between and among social categories in the population.

Marxism is a variety of conflict theory.

Feminist theorists of deviance have charged that the field, as a general rule and until very recently, has regarded:

The "major" mode of labeling theory examines the causal or etiological role of labeling as a cause of deviance.

Feminists argue that when women do appear in deviance research, they are often relegated to the periphery of attention, with men given center stage. What is the most appropriate term for the phenomenon of a male-centered bias?

The feminist theory of deviance and crime argues that altogether too much attention has been paid in the past to the deviance and crime of women.

In the field of deviance studies, after the 1970s, labeling theory declined sharply in intellectual influence.

Social class is the key explanatory theory of which of the following approaches?

Theories that focus mainly on deviance from the point of view of the social construction of condemnation and punishment typically look at deviance as a type of:

Conflict theory is most likely to focus on what factor as the main cause of high rates of crime:

Labeling or interactionist theorists have tended to emphasize the "stickiness" of negative labels.