Question 1

What evidence did James Hutton use to discount the biblical account of the Creation of Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  The erosion rates of streambeds 
B)  The distribution of sediments in rivers 
C)  The patterns of rocks found in the countryside 
D)  All of these choices 
A)  The erosion rates of streambeds 
B)  The distribution of sediments in rivers 
C)  The patterns of rocks found in the countryside 
D)  All of these choices D

Question 2

What characteristic is associated with convergent plate boundaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  New crust formation 
B)  Solidification of crust materials 
C)  Violent geological activity 
D)  Spreading zones 
A)  New crust formation 
B)  Solidification of crust materials 
C)  Violent geological activity 
D)  Spreading zones C

Question 3

What is paleomagnetism? Why have magnetometers shown symmetrical bands of magnetism strength at varying locations?

Accepted Answer

Answer should include:
•	Paleomagnetism is the study of fossil magnetic fields. It uses the magnetite in magma to determine the direction of the magnetic field and even the orientation of the continents at various times in history.
•	Paleomagnetism can show the alterations between weak and strong bands of magnetism. This suggests the orientation of the magnetic pole has shifted numerous times.
•	Magnetometers measure the amount and direction of residual magnetic fields.
•	Some bands add to Earth's present magnetism while others have weakened it.
Information can be found in the section The Confirmation of Plate Tectonics.

Question 4

What keeps Earth's asthenosphere pliable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical composition of the asthenosphere 
B)  The density of the asthenosphere 
C)  Earth's internal heat 
D)  Insulation from the lithosphere 
A)  Chemical composition of the asthenosphere 
B)  The density of the asthenosphere 
C)  Earth's internal heat 
D)  Insulation from the lithosphere

Question 5

Surface waves are used to analyze the Earth's interior structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Density is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  layers that are separated. 
B)  the speed at which a liquid moves. 
C)  the weight of a substance. 
D)  the mass per unit of volume. 
A)  layers that are separated. 
B)  the speed at which a liquid moves. 
C)  the weight of a substance. 
D)  the mass per unit of volume.

Question 7

What specifically describes the balance between the lithosphere floating atop the asthenosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Buoyancy 
B)  Isostatic equilibrium 
C)  Density stratification 
D)  Compensation 
A)  Buoyancy 
B)  Isostatic equilibrium 
C)  Density stratification 
D)  Compensation

Question 8

What was the first evidence that suggested the Earth's crust might be broken into pieces?

Accepted Answer

A)  Echo soundings aboard the Meteor 
B)  Plotting of deep earthquakes in the Pacific Ring of Fire 
C)  Radiometric dating 
D)  Radioactive decay 
A)  Echo soundings aboard the Meteor 
B)  Plotting of deep earthquakes in the Pacific Ring of Fire 
C)  Radiometric dating 
D)  Radioactive decay

Question 9

Convection occurs when heat rises which changes the density of a fluid or semisolid substance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The rate of convergence and divergence is approximately the same worldwide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What was Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift? What evidence did he have to support his theory? Why was his theory originally rejected?

Accepted Answer

Answer should include:
•	Alfred Wegener'

Question 12

Earthquakes are generated by two types of low frequency waves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What allowed scientists to confirm their theories that the Earth's interior had layers?

Accepted Answer

A)  A large earthquake that occurred in Alaska 
B)  A system of 800 seismic stations placed worldwide 
C)  The correlation between intensity, frequency, and characteristics of waves 
D)  All of these choices 
A)  A large earthquake that occurred in Alaska 
B)  A system of 800 seismic stations placed worldwide 
C)  The correlation between intensity, frequency, and characteristics of waves 
D)  All of these choices

Question 14

Transform plate boundaries are not involved in the creation or destruction of crust, rather the plates just move past one another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The mantle is the largest layer in terms of mass and volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Why do transform faults form?

Accepted Answer

A)  They form due to remnants of convergent boundaries. 
B)  They form as results of secondary seismic waves. 
C)  They form due to lithospheric plate subduction zones. 
D)  They form because the axis of seafloor spreading across the surface of the Earth cannot follow a straight line smoothly. 
A)  They form due to remnants of convergent boundaries. 
B)  They form as results of secondary seismic waves. 
C)  They form due to lithospheric plate subduction zones. 
D)  They form because the axis of seafloor spreading across the surface of the Earth cannot follow a straight line smoothly.

Question 17

Primary waves travel ____ as fast as secondary waves.

Accepted Answer

A)  half 
B)  twice 
C)  three times 
D)  at the same speed 
A)  half 
B)  twice 
C)  three times 
D)  at the same speed

Question 18

What prevents the subduction of terranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The relative thin layer of crusts 
B)  The low density 
C)  The proximity from plate boundaries 
D)  The compression of continental crusts 
A)  The relative thin layer of crusts 
B)  The low density 
C)  The proximity from plate boundaries 
D)  The compression of continental crusts

Question 19

The sustained heat within the Earth's interior is attributed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Radioactive Decay 
B)  Conduction 
C)  Convection 
D)  Isostatic Equilibrium 
A)  Radioactive Decay 
B)  Conduction 
C)  Convection 
D)  Isostatic Equilibrium

Question 20

Who determined that S waves were unable to survive deep passage through the Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alfred Wegener 
B)  Richard Oldham 
C)  Inge Lehmann 
D)  Francis Bacon 
A)  Alfred Wegener 
B)  Richard Oldham 
C)  Inge Lehmann 
D)  Francis Bacon

What evidence did James Hutton use to discount the biblical account of the Creation of Earth?

What characteristic is associated with convergent plate boundaries?

What is paleomagnetism? Why have magnetometers shown symmetrical bands of magnetism strength at varying locations?

What keeps Earth's asthenosphere pliable?

Surface waves are used to analyze the Earth's interior structure.

Density is defined as:

What specifically describes the balance between the lithosphere floating atop the asthenosphere?

What was the first evidence that suggested the Earth's crust might be broken into pieces?

Convection occurs when heat rises which changes the density of a fluid or semisolid substance.

The rate of convergence and divergence is approximately the same worldwide.

What was Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift? What evidence did he have to support his theory? Why was his theory originally rejected?

Earthquakes are generated by two types of low frequency waves.

What allowed scientists to confirm their theories that the Earth's interior had layers?

Transform plate boundaries are not involved in the creation or destruction of crust, rather the plates just move past one another.

The mantle is the largest layer in terms of mass and volume.

Why do transform faults form?

Primary waves travel ____ as fast as secondary waves.

What prevents the subduction of terranes?

The sustained heat within the Earth's interior is attributed to:

Who determined that S waves were unable to survive deep passage through the Earth's interior?

The Origin of the Ocean

A History of Marine Science

Ocean Basins

Ocean Sediments

Water and Ocean Structure

Ocean Chemistry

Circulation of the Atmosphere

Circulation of the Ocean

Waves

Tides

Coasts

Life in the Ocean

Plankton, Algae, and Plants

Marine Animals

Marine Communities

Marine Resources

The Ocean and The Environment

Filters

Exam 3: Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics

What evidence did James Hutton use to discount the biblical account of the Creation of Earth?

What characteristic is associated with convergent plate boundaries?

What is paleomagnetism? Why have magnetometers shown symmetrical bands of magnetism strength at varying locations?

What keeps Earth's asthenosphere pliable?

Surface waves are used to analyze the Earth's interior structure.

Density is defined as:

What specifically describes the balance between the lithosphere floating atop the asthenosphere?

What was the first evidence that suggested the Earth's crust might be broken into pieces?

Convection occurs when heat rises which changes the density of a fluid or semisolid substance.

The rate of convergence and divergence is approximately the same worldwide.

What was Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift? What evidence did he have to support his theory? Why was his theory originally rejected?

Earthquakes are generated by two types of low frequency waves.

What allowed scientists to confirm their theories that the Earth's interior had layers?

Transform plate boundaries are not involved in the creation or destruction of crust, rather the plates just move past one another.

The mantle is the largest layer in terms of mass and volume.

Why do transform faults form?

Primary waves travel ____ as fast as secondary waves.

What prevents the subduction of terranes?

The sustained heat within the Earth's interior is attributed to:

Who determined that S waves were unable to survive deep passage through the Earth's interior?

The Origin of the Ocean

A History of Marine Science

Ocean Basins

Ocean Sediments

Water and Ocean Structure

Ocean Chemistry

Circulation of the Atmosphere

Circulation of the Ocean

Waves

Tides

Coasts

Life in the Ocean

Plankton, Algae, and Plants

Marine Animals

Marine Communities

Marine Resources

The Ocean and The Environment

Filters