Question 1

Which of the following is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers have found that children of parents who provide scaffolding early on perform better in elementary school than children whose parents did not provide scaffolding. 
B)  Most current research supports Vygotsky's ideas. 
C)  Children who work collaboratively perform worse on sophisticated tasks than children who work alone. 
D)  Most of the current research contradicts Vygotsky's ideas. 
A)  Researchers have found that children of parents who provide scaffolding early on perform better in elementary school than children whose parents did not provide scaffolding. 
B)  Most current research supports Vygotsky's ideas. 
C)  Children who work collaboratively perform worse on sophisticated tasks than children who work alone. 
D)  Most of the current research contradicts Vygotsky's ideas. A

Question 2

Every time I go to the grocery store, I purchase lottery tickets, but I have never won anything. If Skinner's theory is correct, what will eventually happen to my lottery-ticket-buying behavior?

Accepted Answer

It will become extinct

Question 3

Name the three systems which make up Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory. Give examples of components that might be included in each.

Accepted Answer

The three systems are macro, exo, and meso (micro). Macro is the largest context and environment, meso is the smallest, and exo is socioeconomic. The examples must exemplify these concepts.

Question 4

Babies frequently engage in repetitive actions using their hands and their eyes. Which of the following statements best explains this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theory that says that children are born with a mind which is a blank slate waiting to be written upon. 
B)  The theory that says that infants' brains are underdeveloped at birth and there is no purpose or meaning to their actions. 
C)  The theory that infants rely on their basic biological senses to explore and learn about the world. 
D)  Piaget's theory of accommodation. 
A)  The theory that says that children are born with a mind which is a blank slate waiting to be written upon. 
B)  The theory that says that infants' brains are underdeveloped at birth and there is no purpose or meaning to their actions. 
C)  The theory that infants rely on their basic biological senses to explore and learn about the world. 
D)  Piaget's theory of accommodation.

Question 5

Which of the following is a common mistake that parents make when trying to stop unwanted behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  They forget to use continuous schedules of reinforcement. 
B)  They create intermittent schedules of reinforcement when they think they are punishing. 
C)  They use intermittent punishment, when they should be using intermittent schedules of reinforcement. 
D)  They use punishment too frequently. 
A)  They forget to use continuous schedules of reinforcement. 
B)  They create intermittent schedules of reinforcement when they think they are punishing. 
C)  They use intermittent punishment, when they should be using intermittent schedules of reinforcement. 
D)  They use punishment too frequently.

Question 6

Jada saw some money on the kitchen table. She really wanted to take it but her conscience kept her from it. Which part of Jada's personality is telling her that it would be socially unacceptable to take the money?

Accepted Answer

A)  Superego 
B)  Ego 
C)  Unconscious 
D)  Id 
A)  Superego 
B)  Ego 
C)  Unconscious 
D)  Id

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding Bronfenbrenner's theory of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developmental stages unfold according to a biological sequence. 
B)  Our own choices and behaviors are the primary contributors to our development; biology plays only a small role. 
C)  Our environment provides us with opportunities and our responses to those opportunities determine our personality. 
D)  Development results from a reciprocal interaction between our behaviors and our environment. 
A)  Developmental stages unfold according to a biological sequence. 
B)  Our own choices and behaviors are the primary contributors to our development; biology plays only a small role. 
C)  Our environment provides us with opportunities and our responses to those opportunities determine our personality. 
D)  Development results from a reciprocal interaction between our behaviors and our environment.

Question 8

According to Vygotsky, training wheels on a bicycle would be an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Vygotsky, training wheels on a...

Question 9

Carolyn is thinking of her children and what they are to become. She wants to see her children succeed and raise healthy families of their own. Carolyn spends more and more time thinking about how best to help her children be good people who contribute to society. Which of Erikson's stages would Carolyn most likely be experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identity vs. role confusion 
B)  Integrity vs. despair 
C)  Intimacy vs. isolation 
D)  Generativity vs. stagnation 
A)  Identity vs. role confusion 
B)  Integrity vs. despair 
C)  Intimacy vs. isolation 
D)  Generativity vs. stagnation

Question 10

Neo-Piagetian theorists combine which of the following to explain cognitive development in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erikson's developmental stages and Piaget's cognitive theory 
B)  Piaget and information processing theory 
C)  Bandura's observational theory and Piaget's cognitive theory 
D)  Social-learning theory and Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory 
A)  Erikson's developmental stages and Piaget's cognitive theory 
B)  Piaget and information processing theory 
C)  Bandura's observational theory and Piaget's cognitive theory 
D)  Social-learning theory and Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory

Question 11

Two-year-old Sven can use crayons and paper to draw pictures. According to Piaget, why is Sven drawing pictures?

Accepted Answer

A)  He is presenting an outward representation of his internal thoughts. 
B)  At this age the drawings mean nothing, Sven is simply improving his motor skills. 
C)  Sven is in the early stages of learning to write. 
D)  He is presenting an outward manifestation of others' thoughts. 
A)  He is presenting an outward representation of his internal thoughts. 
B)  At this age the drawings mean nothing, Sven is simply improving his motor skills. 
C)  Sven is in the early stages of learning to write. 
D)  He is presenting an outward manifestation of others' thoughts.

Question 12

A boy is pestering his mother for candy in the grocery store, whining for ten minutes and saying things like, "I want candy! Please? Just this once! Oh, come on, Mom, please?" His mother ignores him for ten minutes, but finally gives in and says, "Oh, all right. Here it is. Just stop whining!" If the boy engages in more whining in the future, and the mother gives in even more easily, which of the following would apply to the mother?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative punishment 
B)  Positive punishment 
C)  Negative reinforcement 
D)  Positive reinforcement 
A)  Negative punishment 
B)  Positive punishment 
C)  Negative reinforcement 
D)  Positive reinforcement

Question 13

Which of the following contexts of development includes the institutions of the culture that affect children's development indirectly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microsystem 
B)  Mesosystem 
C)  Exosystem 
D)  Macrosystem 
A)  Microsystem 
B)  Mesosystem 
C)  Exosystem 
D)  Macrosystem

Question 14

In cognitive theory, ________ is the process of balancing assimilation with accommodation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In cognitive theory, ________ is the process...

Question 15

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, which of the following occurs when an inadequate early environment fails to meet the needs of any particular stage of psychosexual maturation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Defense mechanisms 
B)  Libido failure 
C)  Fixation 
D)  Extinction 
A)  Defense mechanisms 
B)  Libido failure 
C)  Fixation 
D)  Extinction

Question 16

Which of the following was a finding of Kail's 1990 research on children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  That younger children's short-term memories are more limited than those of older children. 
B)  That Piaget greatly underestimated the abilities of younger children. 
C)  That older children's long-term memories are more accurate than those of younger children. 
D)  That Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development was only applicable to the memory of younger children. 
A)  That younger children's short-term memories are more limited than those of older children. 
B)  That Piaget greatly underestimated the abilities of younger children. 
C)  That older children's long-term memories are more accurate than those of younger children. 
D)  That Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development was only applicable to the memory of younger children.

Question 17

Which of the following was one of the findings in testing the principle of conservation?

Accepted Answer

A)  To Piaget's surprise, four-year-old children recognized that a ball of clay rolled into a sausage shape still had the same amount of clay. 
B)  A five-year-old child was able to recognize that when a subordinate class of objects is placed together with a larger class of the same type of object, the whole was larger than either group. 
C)  Six and seven year olds recognized that a ball of clay rolled into a sausage shape still had the same amount of clay. 
D)  Piaget found that his research worked best if he used the same types of objects and asked the same questions of all of the children that he studied. 
A)  To Piaget's surprise, four-year-old children recognized that a ball of clay rolled into a sausage shape still had the same amount of clay. 
B)  A five-year-old child was able to recognize that when a subordinate class of objects is placed together with a larger class of the same type of object, the whole was larger than either group. 
C)  Six and seven year olds recognized that a ball of clay rolled into a sausage shape still had the same amount of clay. 
D)  Piaget found that his research worked best if he used the same types of objects and asked the same questions of all of the children that he studied.

Question 18

What would Vygotsky call a developmental level in a child's life when he or she is primed biologically and is socially ready to learn a new behavior?

Accepted Answer

the zone o

Question 19

Which of the following best defines the word scheme according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child's mischievous plan to outwit her parents 
B)  The process of taking in new information and revising existing categories in order to effectively deal with similar information in the future 
C)  The meaning a child ascribes to an experience 
D)  Cognitive structures that guide behaviors and actions 
A)  A child's mischievous plan to outwit her parents 
B)  The process of taking in new information and revising existing categories in order to effectively deal with similar information in the future 
C)  The meaning a child ascribes to an experience 
D)  Cognitive structures that guide behaviors and actions

Question 20

Give an example of Bandura's social-cognitive learning at work. Your example must show that you understand the concepts of modeling and how individuals choose whom and what behaviors to model.

Accepted Answer

What is critical in this answer is the i

Which of the following is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Every time I go to the grocery store, I purchase lottery tickets, but I have never won anything. If Skinner's theory is correct, what will eventually happen to my lottery-ticket-buying behavior?

Name the three systems which make up Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory. Give examples of components that might be included in each.

Babies frequently engage in repetitive actions using their hands and their eyes. Which of the following statements best explains this behavior?

Which of the following is a common mistake that parents make when trying to stop unwanted behaviors?

Jada saw some money on the kitchen table. She really wanted to take it but her conscience kept her from it. Which part of Jada's personality is telling her that it would be socially unacceptable to take the money?

Which of the following statements is true regarding Bronfenbrenner's theory of development?

According to Vygotsky, training wheels on a bicycle would be an example of ________.

Neo-Piagetian theorists combine which of the following to explain cognitive development in children?

Two-year-old Sven can use crayons and paper to draw pictures. According to Piaget, why is Sven drawing pictures?

Which of the following contexts of development includes the institutions of the culture that affect children's development indirectly?

In cognitive theory, ________ is the process of balancing assimilation with accommodation.

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, which of the following occurs when an inadequate early environment fails to meet the needs of any particular stage of psychosexual maturation?

Which of the following was a finding of Kail's 1990 research on children's cognitive development?

Which of the following was one of the findings in testing the principle of conservation?

What would Vygotsky call a developmental level in a child's life when he or she is primed biologically and is socially ready to learn a new behavior?

Which of the following best defines the word scheme according to Piaget?

Give an example of Bandura's social-cognitive learning at work. Your example must show that you understand the concepts of modeling and how individuals choose whom and what behaviors to model.

Basic Concepts and Methods

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social and Personality Development in Infancy

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Personality Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Late Adulthood

Death Dying and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Development

Which of the following is true of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Every time I go to the grocery store, I purchase lottery tickets, but I have never won anything. If Skinner's theory is correct, what will eventually happen to my lottery-ticket-buying behavior?

Name the three systems which make up Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory. Give examples of components that might be included in each.

Babies frequently engage in repetitive actions using their hands and their eyes. Which of the following statements best explains this behavior?

Which of the following is a common mistake that parents make when trying to stop unwanted behaviors?

Jada saw some money on the kitchen table. She really wanted to take it but her conscience kept her from it. Which part of Jada's personality is telling her that it would be socially unacceptable to take the money?

Which of the following statements is true regarding Bronfenbrenner's theory of development?

According to Vygotsky, training wheels on a bicycle would be an example of ________.

Neo-Piagetian theorists combine which of the following to explain cognitive development in children?

Two-year-old Sven can use crayons and paper to draw pictures. According to Piaget, why is Sven drawing pictures?

Which of the following contexts of development includes the institutions of the culture that affect children's development indirectly?

In cognitive theory, ________ is the process of balancing assimilation with accommodation.

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, which of the following occurs when an inadequate early environment fails to meet the needs of any particular stage of psychosexual maturation?

Which of the following was a finding of Kail's 1990 research on children's cognitive development?

Which of the following was one of the findings in testing the principle of conservation?

What would Vygotsky call a developmental level in a child's life when he or she is primed biologically and is socially ready to learn a new behavior?

Which of the following best defines the word scheme according to Piaget?

Give an example of Bandura's social-cognitive learning at work. Your example must show that you understand the concepts of modeling and how individuals choose whom and what behaviors to model.

Basic Concepts and Methods

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social and Personality Development in Infancy

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Personality Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Social and Personality Development in Late Adulthood

Death Dying and Bereavement

Filters