Exam 2: Theories of Development

In Piaget's ________ stage, children begin to understand the principle of conservation.

Three of Piaget's basic concepts are schemes, accommodation, and assimilation. Give an example to illustrate each of these concepts.

Many people do not understand the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment. Explain the difference between these two concepts. Give an example of each.

Identify the three broad families of developmental theories and the fourth, which has been added recently to account for one of the major shortcomings of the original three.

According to Freud, the aspect of the personality which demands immediate gratification of sexual and aggressive impulses is the ________.

Which of the following contexts of development includes those variables to which people are exposed directly, such as families, schools, religious institutions, and neighborhoods?

During which of Piaget's stages does the child learn to manipulate ideas, concrete objects, or events, as well as to use abstract ideas and hypothetical situations in solving problems?

Eight-year-old Jaime is in the third grade. He is very good at drawing and frequently receives praise from his parents and teachers. According to Erikson, Jaime will develop a sense of ________.

I say that a friend of mine is carrying "excess baggage" into his relationships. Erikson would say that my friend has unresolved ________.

Which of the following contexts of development includes values and beliefs of the culture in which a child is growing up?

In classical conditioning terms, a reflex is made up of what two components?

In classical conditioning, a ________ stimulus is paired with a reflexive stimulus to create a response.

In which stage of cognitive development does a child begins to use symbols to think and communicate?

After viewing Explore: Key Processes in Stages of Memory, explain the difference between sensory and short-term memory. Identify a common misunderstanding that people have about short-term memory.

Elsa was frequently neglected as a child. As an infant, she would be left in wet diapers, and she was not fed on a regular schedule. Which of the following crises was not properly resolved?

Which of the following is the best description of the process of accommodation?

Why do we sometimes persist in behaviors even though we have been punished for them?

Alicia was involved in an automobile accident at the corner of Maple Street and Vine. Since the accident, every time Alicia approaches that intersection, she starts to sweat and her heart begins to race. In classical conditioning, which of the following terms applies to the increase in Alicia's heart rate and her sweating?

In operant conditioning, ________ always strengthens behavior; ________ always weakens behavior.

Using Bronfenbrenner's theory, give a brief example of things that might exist in my macrosystem.