Question 1

Male soapberry bugs adjust their mate-guarding behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  in places where the environment is stable. 
B)  in places where the environment is variable. 
C)  in colder climates. 
D)  in wetter climates. 
A)  in places where the environment is stable. 
B)  in places where the environment is variable. 
C)  in colder climates. 
D)  in wetter climates. B

Question 2

Consider a population of 20 AA, 40 Aa, and 40 aa individuals. A is a dominant allele causing death before reproductive age. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation after selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  All AA individuals 
B)  All aa individuals 
C)  50% AA and 50% aa individuals 
D)  25% AA and 75% aa individuals 
A)  All AA individuals 
B)  All aa individuals 
C)  50% AA and 50% aa individuals 
D)  25% AA and 75% aa individuals B

Question 3

Correlated characters

Accepted Answer

A)  can occur because some genes affect more than one character. 
B)  change independently. 
C)  are always positively related. 
D)  make natural selection longer. 
A)  can occur because some genes affect more than one character. 
B)  change independently. 
C)  are always positively related. 
D)  make natural selection longer. A

Question 4

Characters are more likely to exhibit continuous variation when

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no environmental effects. 
B)  they are affected by alleles at more than one locus. 
C)  inheritance is blending rather than particulate. 
D)  there are only two alleles. 
A)  there are no environmental effects. 
B)  they are affected by alleles at more than one locus. 
C)  inheritance is blending rather than particulate. 
D)  there are only two alleles.

Question 5

For most continuously varying characters, offspring are intermediate between their parents because

Accepted Answer

A)  of blending inheritance. 
B)  genetic transmission involves faithful copying of the genes themselves and their reassembly into different combinations in zygotes. 
C)  mutation is constantly introducing new alleles, some of which will produce new phenotypes. 
D)  natural selection reduces variation. 
A)  of blending inheritance. 
B)  genetic transmission involves faithful copying of the genes themselves and their reassembly into different combinations in zygotes. 
C)  mutation is constantly introducing new alleles, some of which will produce new phenotypes. 
D)  natural selection reduces variation.

Question 6

How can small population size affect gene frequencies? When is fixation reached?

Accepted Answer

Small population sizes affect gene frequ

Question 7

Local adaptations are called ________ constraints.

Accepted Answer

A)  optimal 
B)  fixed 
C)  developmental 
D)  genetic 
A)  optimal 
B)  fixed 
C)  developmental 
D)  genetic

Question 8

Mutation can maintain variation because

Accepted Answer

A)  every mutation results in adaptation. 
B)  directional selection is constantly working. 
C)  a considerable amount of variation is protected from selection. 
D)  the rates of mutation are very high. 
A)  every mutation results in adaptation. 
B)  directional selection is constantly working. 
C)  a considerable amount of variation is protected from selection. 
D)  the rates of mutation are very high.

Question 9

Consider a population of 20 aa, 32 Aa, and 48 AA individuals. Selection acts against the lethal recessive homozygote (aa) before adulthood. After selection, survivors mate randomly. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% aa, 50% Aa, and 25% AA 
B)  All AA 
C)  4% aa, 16% Aa, and 64% AA 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  25% aa, 50% Aa, and 25% AA 
B)  All AA 
C)  4% aa, 16% Aa, and 64% AA 
D)  None of the above.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hidden variation is not always present in continuously evolving traits. 
B)  Selection causes genotypic frequencies to reach equilibrium in one generation, and the distribution of phenotypes does not change. 
C)  Selection can lead to cumulative, long-term change. 
D)  Genetic variation is always expressed as phenotypic variation. 
A)  Hidden variation is not always present in continuously evolving traits. 
B)  Selection causes genotypic frequencies to reach equilibrium in one generation, and the distribution of phenotypes does not change. 
C)  Selection can lead to cumulative, long-term change. 
D)  Genetic variation is always expressed as phenotypic variation.

Question 11

When genes at many loci affect a character,

Accepted Answer

A)  the trait is more likely to occur in a smooth distribution. 
B)  natural selection cannot act on the character. 
C)  the environment is less likely to affect the character. 
D)  both a and c are correct. 
A)  the trait is more likely to occur in a smooth distribution. 
B)  natural selection cannot act on the character. 
C)  the environment is less likely to affect the character. 
D)  both a and c are correct.

Question 12

Explain how natural selection can shape flexible behavioral responses.

Accepted Answer

The key concept students need to underst

Question 13

Natural selection can move a population beyond its initial range of variation because

Accepted Answer

A)  there is hidden variation. 
B)  alleles for extreme phenotypes are not concentrated in any one individual. 
C)  there is no hidden variation. 
D)  both a and 
A)  there is hidden variation. 
B)  alleles for extreme phenotypes are not concentrated in any one individual. 
C)  there is no hidden variation. 
D)  both a and

Question 14

Evolutionary change in a phenotype

Accepted Answer

A)  results from change in the environment only. 
B)  reflects change in the underlying genetic composition of a population. 
C)  cannot be passed from parent to offspring. 
D)  Both a and 
A)  results from change in the environment only. 
B)  reflects change in the underlying genetic composition of a population. 
C)  cannot be passed from parent to offspring. 
D)  Both a and

Question 15

Which of the following decreases genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation 
B)  Selection 
C)  Recombination 
D)  Gene flow 
A)  Mutation 
B)  Selection 
C)  Recombination 
D)  Gene flow

Question 16

Humans have a nearly insatiable appetite for sugar, fat, and salt because

Accepted Answer

A)  we are in perfect equilibrium with regard to such appetites. 
B)  these appetites are always adaptive. 
C)  such appetites were adaptive in ancient environments. 
D)  these appetites are adaptive in our modern environment. 
A)  we are in perfect equilibrium with regard to such appetites. 
B)  these appetites are always adaptive. 
C)  such appetites were adaptive in ancient environments. 
D)  these appetites are adaptive in our modern environment.

Question 17

The fact that all modern breeds of dog stem from wild wolves is evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  selection can move a population beyond its initial range of variation. 
B)  there is plenty of hidden variation. 
C)  selection is weak. 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  selection can move a population beyond its initial range of variation. 
B)  there is plenty of hidden variation. 
C)  selection is weak. 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 18

Low rates of mutation can maintain variation in a population because many different genotypes generate intermediate phenotypes that are favored by ________ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  stabilizing 
B)  disruptive 
C)  directional 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  stabilizing 
B)  disruptive 
C)  directional 
D)  All of the above.

Question 19

The compound eye cannot evolve into the camera-type eye because

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection does not change adaptations. 
B)  the compound eye is always superior to the camera-type eye. 
C)  the compound eye is a local optimum. 
D)  the camera-type eye is a local optimum. 
A)  natural selection does not change adaptations. 
B)  the compound eye is always superior to the camera-type eye. 
C)  the compound eye is a local optimum. 
D)  the camera-type eye is a local optimum.

Question 20

For male soapberry bugs, behavioral plasticity is costly because

Accepted Answer

A)  males must cooperate with other males to guard females. 
B)  flexibility requires longer appendages. 
C)  males will sometimes make mistakes about the local sex ratio and behave inappropriately. 
D)  flexible males have to grow larger and therefore need more food. 
A)  males must cooperate with other males to guard females. 
B)  flexibility requires longer appendages. 
C)  males will sometimes make mistakes about the local sex ratio and behave inappropriately. 
D)  flexible males have to grow larger and therefore need more food.

Male soapberry bugs adjust their mate-guarding behavior

Consider a population of 20 AA, 40 Aa, and 40 aa individuals. A is a dominant allele causing death before reproductive age. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation after selection?

Correlated characters

Characters are more likely to exhibit continuous variation when

For most continuously varying characters, offspring are intermediate between their parents because

How can small population size affect gene frequencies? When is fixation reached?

Local adaptations are called ________ constraints.

Mutation can maintain variation because

Consider a population of 20 aa, 32 Aa, and 48 AA individuals. Selection acts against the lethal recessive homozygote (aa) before adulthood. After selection, survivors mate randomly. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation?

Which of the following statements is correct?

When genes at many loci affect a character,

Explain how natural selection can shape flexible behavioral responses.

Natural selection can move a population beyond its initial range of variation because

Evolutionary change in a phenotype

Which of the following decreases genetic variation?

Humans have a nearly insatiable appetite for sugar, fat, and salt because

The fact that all modern breeds of dog stem from wild wolves is evidence that

Low rates of mutation can maintain variation in a population because many different genotypes generate intermediate phenotypes that are favored by ________ selection.

The compound eye cannot evolve into the camera-type eye because

For male soapberry bugs, behavioral plasticity is costly because

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

From Hominoid to Hominin

Oldowan Toolmakers and the Origin of Human Life History

From Hominin to Homo

Homo sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetic Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture Cooperation and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 3: The Modern Synthesis

Male soapberry bugs adjust their mate-guarding behavior

Consider a population of 20 AA, 40 Aa, and 40 aa individuals. A is a dominant allele causing death before reproductive age. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation after selection?

Correlated characters

Characters are more likely to exhibit continuous variation when

For most continuously varying characters, offspring are intermediate between their parents because

How can small population size affect gene frequencies? When is fixation reached?

Local adaptations are called ________ constraints.

Mutation can maintain variation because

Consider a population of 20 aa, 32 Aa, and 48 AA individuals. Selection acts against the lethal recessive homozygote (aa) before adulthood. After selection, survivors mate randomly. What are the genotypic frequencies of the next generation?

Which of the following statements is correct?

When genes at many loci affect a character,

Explain how natural selection can shape flexible behavioral responses.

Natural selection can move a population beyond its initial range of variation because

Evolutionary change in a phenotype

Which of the following decreases genetic variation?

Humans have a nearly insatiable appetite for sugar, fat, and salt because

The fact that all modern breeds of dog stem from wild wolves is evidence that

Low rates of mutation can maintain variation in a population because many different genotypes generate intermediate phenotypes that are favored by ________ selection.

The compound eye cannot evolve into the camera-type eye because

For male soapberry bugs, behavioral plasticity is costly because

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

From Hominoid to Hominin

Oldowan Toolmakers and the Origin of Human Life History

From Hominin to Homo

Homo sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetic Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture Cooperation and Human Uniqueness

Filters