Question 1

A hybrid zone

Accepted Answer

A)  provides evidence for allopatric speciation. 
B)  sometimes contains individuals that are less fit than those outside of hybrid zones. 
C)  sometimes contains adaptive radiations. 
D)  provides evidence for the ecological species concept. 
A)  provides evidence for allopatric speciation. 
B)  sometimes contains individuals that are less fit than those outside of hybrid zones. 
C)  sometimes contains adaptive radiations. 
D)  provides evidence for the ecological species concept. B

Question 2

How do genetic distance measures work? How have genetic distance measurements been applied to the primate fossil record to reveal information about the divergence of primate groups?

Accepted Answer

Genetic distance is a measure of overall genetic similarity between taxa. If we abide by the assumption that DNA changes at a constant rate, then we can use homologous DNA segments to compare nucleotide sequences and count the number of differences between these sequences, and we can use mathematical formulas to determine the genetic distance between DNA segments. For the purposes of this question, students should also know that divergence dates can be calculated by dividing genetic distance by the rate of mutation. Because different DNA segments provide slightly different dates, scientists are often left with a range of likely dates. These data can then be compared with the fossil record. It is important to note that the results of genetic distance measurements are very informative for understanding human evolution. They have revealed that (a) orangutans are the great ape that is most distantly related to humans (14 mya); (b) humans and chimpanzees are more closely related to each other than either is to the gorilla; (c) humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas are all more closely related than any is to the orangutan; and (d) humans and chimpanzees shared a common ancestor around 5-7 mya.

Question 3

Imagine a scenario where a lake dries up enough to become two separate lakes, dividing a population of fish into two daughter populations. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  both allopatric and sympatric speciation. 
D)  neither allopatric or sympatric speciation. 
A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  both allopatric and sympatric speciation. 
D)  neither allopatric or sympatric speciation. A

Question 4

The existence of asexual species provides evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  species can be maintained through the biological species concept. 
B)  species can be maintained through the ecological species concept. 
C)  macroevolution is a stronger force than microevolution. 
D)  microevolution is a stronger force than macroevolution. 
A)  species can be maintained through the biological species concept. 
B)  species can be maintained through the ecological species concept. 
C)  macroevolution is a stronger force than microevolution. 
D)  microevolution is a stronger force than macroevolution.

Question 5

Evolutionary taxonomy uses

Accepted Answer

A)  only morphological similarity to classify organisms. 
B)  only descent to classify organisms. 
C)  both similarity and descent to classify organisms. 
D)  neither similarity nor descent to classify organisms. 
A)  only morphological similarity to classify organisms. 
B)  only descent to classify organisms. 
C)  both similarity and descent to classify organisms. 
D)  neither similarity nor descent to classify organisms.

Question 6

Cladistic systematics uses

Accepted Answer

A)  only morphological similarity to classify organisms. 
B)  only descent to classify organisms. 
C)  both similarity and descent to classify organisms. 
D)  neither similarity nor descent to classify organisms. 
A)  only morphological similarity to classify organisms. 
B)  only descent to classify organisms. 
C)  both similarity and descent to classify organisms. 
D)  neither similarity nor descent to classify organisms.

Question 7

According to the ecological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

Accepted Answer

A)  share morphology. 
B)  are reproductively isolated from other like groups. 
C)  share genetic information. 
D)  share the same geographical and environmental circumstances. 
A)  share morphology. 
B)  are reproductively isolated from other like groups. 
C)  share genetic information. 
D)  share the same geographical and environmental circumstances.

Question 8

Scientists should only use derived traits to construct phylogenies because

Accepted Answer

A)  many fossil species retain only derived traits. 
B)  derived traits are under greater genetic control than are analogous and homologous traits. 
C)  all organisms have homologous traits. 
D)  analogous and homologous traits do not tell us anything about close phylogenetic relationships. 
A)  many fossil species retain only derived traits. 
B)  derived traits are under greater genetic control than are analogous and homologous traits. 
C)  all organisms have homologous traits. 
D)  analogous and homologous traits do not tell us anything about close phylogenetic relationships.

Question 9

When scientists use phylogenies to name species and classify them into hierarchical categories, they create

Accepted Answer

A)  systematics. 
B)  taxonomies. 
C)  macroevolution. 
D)  character displacement. 
A)  systematics. 
B)  taxonomies. 
C)  macroevolution. 
D)  character displacement.

Question 10

Allopatric speciation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow is maintained between two subgroups of a mother population. 
B)  two morphologically different subgroups of a species share the same habitat. 
C)  gene flow prevents genetic variants from being exchanged between subgroups. 
D)  a subgroup is physically isolated from the mother population and gene flow can no longer occur. 
A)  gene flow is maintained between two subgroups of a mother population. 
B)  two morphologically different subgroups of a species share the same habitat. 
C)  gene flow prevents genetic variants from being exchanged between subgroups. 
D)  a subgroup is physically isolated from the mother population and gene flow can no longer occur.

Question 11

Character displacement is a process

Accepted Answer

A)  that occurs when the morphology of two populations diverges. 
B)  of speciation involving gene flow. 
C)  of speciation involving genetic drift. 
D)  that can occur when hybrids are formed. 
A)  that occurs when the morphology of two populations diverges. 
B)  of speciation involving gene flow. 
C)  of speciation involving genetic drift. 
D)  that can occur when hybrids are formed.

Question 12

Which of the following does the ecological species concept emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)  The importance of allopatry between species 
B)  The importance of gene flow within species 
C)  The importance of sympatry within species 
D)  The importance of selection pressures 
A)  The importance of allopatry between species 
B)  The importance of gene flow within species 
C)  The importance of sympatry within species 
D)  The importance of selection pressures

Question 13

Adaptive radiations are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  macroevolution. 
B)  microevolution. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  systematics. 
A)  macroevolution. 
B)  microevolution. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  systematics.

Question 14

Derived characters are traits that

Accepted Answer

A)  characterize the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share. 
B)  evolved after the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share. 
C)  are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters. 
D)  are more complicated than ancestral characters. 
A)  characterize the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share. 
B)  evolved after the last common ancestor that a particular collection of species share. 
C)  are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters. 
D)  are more complicated than ancestral characters.

Question 15

________ speciation occurs when selection causes a single species to develop different adaptations to a similar environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Allopatric 
B)  Sympatric 
C)  Parapatric 
D)  Peripatric 
A)  Allopatric 
B)  Sympatric 
C)  Parapatric 
D)  Peripatric

Question 16

Why are biologists uncertain about how a species should be defined?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biologists have not incorporated behavior into species' definitions. 
B)  Biologists do not know how reproductive isolation happens. 
C)  Biologists are uncertain of how new species arise and how established species are maintained. 
D)  Biologists have not figured out how to use DNA data to determine species' status. 
A)  Biologists have not incorporated behavior into species' definitions. 
B)  Biologists do not know how reproductive isolation happens. 
C)  Biologists are uncertain of how new species arise and how established species are maintained. 
D)  Biologists have not figured out how to use DNA data to determine species' status.

Question 17

Homologous characters are similar because of

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  similar selection pressures acting on unrelated species. 
C)  common ancestry. 
D)  similar environments in different parts of the world. 
A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  similar selection pressures acting on unrelated species. 
C)  common ancestry. 
D)  similar environments in different parts of the world.

Question 18

The biological species concept emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift within populations. 
B)  gene flow between populations. 
C)  the importance of mutations. 
D)  that the amount of genetic information that is exchanged within a population rarely changes. 
A)  genetic drift within populations. 
B)  gene flow between populations. 
C)  the importance of mutations. 
D)  that the amount of genetic information that is exchanged within a population rarely changes.

Question 19

Adaptive radiation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  a mutation caused by solar radiation produces adaptations. 
B)  a population expands across a uniform habitat. 
C)  multiple new species are produced because subpopulations adapt to new environments. 
D)  a species loses adaptations through mutation. 
A)  a mutation caused by solar radiation produces adaptations. 
B)  a population expands across a uniform habitat. 
C)  multiple new species are produced because subpopulations adapt to new environments. 
D)  a species loses adaptations through mutation.

Question 20

What is the biological species concept? Under what circumstances is this concept difficult to apply?

Accepted Answer

The biological species concept is what s

A hybrid zone

How do genetic distance measures work? How have genetic distance measurements been applied to the primate fossil record to reveal information about the divergence of primate groups?

Imagine a scenario where a lake dries up enough to become two separate lakes, dividing a population of fish into two daughter populations. This is an example of

The existence of asexual species provides evidence that

Evolutionary taxonomy uses

Cladistic systematics uses

According to the ecological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

Scientists should only use derived traits to construct phylogenies because

When scientists use phylogenies to name species and classify them into hierarchical categories, they create

Allopatric speciation occurs when

Character displacement is a process

Which of the following does the ecological species concept emphasize?

Adaptive radiations are associated with

Derived characters are traits that

________ speciation occurs when selection causes a single species to develop different adaptations to a similar environment.

Why are biologists uncertain about how a species should be defined?

Homologous characters are similar because of

The biological species concept emphasizes

Adaptive radiation occurs when

What is the biological species concept? Under what circumstances is this concept difficult to apply?

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

From Hominoid to Hominin

Oldowan Toolmakers and the Origin of Human Life History

From Hominin to Homo

Homo sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetic Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture Cooperation and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 4: Speciation and Phylogeny

A hybrid zone

How do genetic distance measures work? How have genetic distance measurements been applied to the primate fossil record to reveal information about the divergence of primate groups?

Imagine a scenario where a lake dries up enough to become two separate lakes, dividing a population of fish into two daughter populations. This is an example of

The existence of asexual species provides evidence that

Evolutionary taxonomy uses

Cladistic systematics uses

According to the ecological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

Scientists should only use derived traits to construct phylogenies because

When scientists use phylogenies to name species and classify them into hierarchical categories, they create

Allopatric speciation occurs when

Character displacement is a process

Which of the following does the ecological species concept emphasize?

Adaptive radiations are associated with

Derived characters are traits that

________ speciation occurs when selection causes a single species to develop different adaptations to a similar environment.

Why are biologists uncertain about how a species should be defined?

Homologous characters are similar because of

The biological species concept emphasizes

Adaptive radiation occurs when

What is the biological species concept? Under what circumstances is this concept difficult to apply?

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

From Hominoid to Hominin

Oldowan Toolmakers and the Origin of Human Life History

From Hominin to Homo

Homo sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetic Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture Cooperation and Human Uniqueness

Filters