Exam 2: The History of American Corrections: Where Did We Come From

Feely and Simon (1992), in "The New Penology," recognize a shift toward a(n) ______________ model of penology.

Who authored The State of the Prisons (1777), criticizing conditions in hulks, which encouraged British Parliament to pass legislation providing for the building of more safe, secure, and sanitary prisons on land?

By the 1960s, some prisons, most notably in ________, were fully engaged in offering a wide array of programs.

Describe the differences between the Pennsylvania (separate) system and the New York (congregate) system of prisons.

In view of the history of corrections, is the get-tough approach to dealing with offenders proper or misguided? Explain.

The method of administration used at Eastern came to be known as the "Pennsylvania system" or "separate system," and Auburn became associated with the term "congregate system."

What were some of the early forms of correctional punishment? Do you think these punishments were effective? Explain your answer.

Which of the following was not listed as an example of a "big house" prison?

What was the birth state of the American penitentiary?

In 1964, President ___________, fulfilling an election promise to deal with crime, established a Commission to conduct a comprehensive study of crime and the administration of criminal justice in the United States.

Ethics Focus: What is Barbaric? History offers examples of practices that were considered acceptable and even praiseworthy at one time but are now considered either barbaric or simply antiquated. One example is the use of punishments like the stocks, where offenders were put on public display to both punish them and deter others from such offenses. -Are we doing anything in the twenty-first century that you think will eventually be considered barbaric or, at best, antiquated? For example, do you think that one day people might consider lethal injection barbaric?

The American Revolution brought a halt to importation of English prisoners to the United States.

What was the convict lease system? What were some of the abuses that resulted from the use of the convict lease system?

The positivist ideal that criminal behavior could be "cured" through medical means greatly influenced American corrections through which decades?

Some say to ignore history is to be condemned to repeat its mistakes. Do you notice any current practices that seem to ignore the lessons of history?

Which state led the nation in the percentage of citizens in prison in the 1980s?

________ established indeterminate sentencing, in which the amount of time an inmate served depended partly upon his or her behavior while in prison.

Which of the following was the most common Colonial Era punishment?

Ethics Focus: What is Barbaric? History offers examples of practices that were considered acceptable and even praiseworthy at one time but are now considered either barbaric or simply antiquated. One example is the use of punishments like the stocks, where offenders were put on public display to both punish them and deter others from such offenses. -Will the idea of locking people up in prisons ever turn into a practice that will appear cruel and unusual or just terribly old-fashioned, or, conversely, will the future provide a primary means of punishment that is so harsh that imprisonment will seem quaint by comparison? What do you think? Discuss.

Which case marked the end of most sterilizations?