Question 1

Cross-fostering experiments involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  Placing an infant and an adult male of the same species together 
B)  Reintroducing captive bred primates into the wild 
C)  Rearing an infant of one species with members of another species 
D)  Breeding closely related species to produce hybrid offspring 
A)  Placing an infant and an adult male of the same species together 
B)  Reintroducing captive bred primates into the wild 
C)  Rearing an infant of one species with members of another species 
D)  Breeding closely related species to produce hybrid offspring C

Question 2

Briefly discuss the risks of reintroductions and translocation projects for endangered primates, and evaluate the conditions under which such risks might be justified.

Accepted Answer

Reintroductions and translocation projects for endangered primates come with several risks that need to be carefully considered. One of the main risks is the potential for disease transmission, as moving individuals from one location to another can introduce new pathogens to the population, leading to outbreaks and potentially devastating consequences for the species. Additionally, translocated individuals may struggle to adapt to their new environment, leading to increased stress and reduced survival rates. There is also the risk of genetic dilution if translocated individuals interbreed with local populations, potentially reducing the genetic diversity of the species.

However, there are conditions under which these risks might be justified. For example, if a population is facing imminent extinction in its current habitat due to human encroachment or natural disasters, translocation may be necessary to establish a new population in a safer location. Similarly, reintroductions may be justified if the original cause of decline has been addressed, such as habitat destruction or poaching, and the new habitat is suitable for the species. In these cases, the potential benefits of establishing a new population may outweigh the risks associated with reintroduction or translocation.

Overall, careful consideration of the potential risks and benefits, as well as thorough planning and monitoring, are essential for successful reintroduction and translocation projects for endangered primates. It is important to weigh the potential risks against the urgency of the situation and the likelihood of success in order to make informed decisions about these conservation strategies.

Question 3

Long distance calls tend to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Low in frequency 
B)  High in frequency 
C)  Given more often during the middle of the day 
D)  Given more often when population densities are low 
A)  Low in frequency 
B)  High in frequency 
C)  Given more often during the middle of the day 
D)  Given more often when population densities are low A

Question 4

The reintroduction of golden lion tamarins, or GLTs, into the wild:

Accepted Answer

A)  Was originally designed for retired research subjects 
B)  Has failed because the monkeys have never been able to breed 
C)  Involved translocating isolated populations from one forest to another 
D)  Involved the successful return of captive-bred monkeys to their natural habitat 
A)  Was originally designed for retired research subjects 
B)  Has failed because the monkeys have never been able to breed 
C)  Involved translocating isolated populations from one forest to another 
D)  Involved the successful return of captive-bred monkeys to their natural habitat

Question 5

Which group of primates has the most limited repertory of facial expressions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prosimians 
B)  Platyrrhines 
C)  Catarrhines 
D)  Hominoids 
A)  Prosimians 
B)  Platyrrhines 
C)  Catarrhines 
D)  Hominoids

Question 6

Imitation:

Accepted Answer

A)  Requires an ability to understand cause-effect relationships 
B)  Takes longer than trial-and-error learning 
C)  Has been observed in experimental studies with both monkeys and apes 
D)  Is an ability that distinguishes primates from other mammals 
A)  Requires an ability to understand cause-effect relationships 
B)  Takes longer than trial-and-error learning 
C)  Has been observed in experimental studies with both monkeys and apes 
D)  Is an ability that distinguishes primates from other mammals

Question 7

Social models of cognitive evolution emphasize:

Accepted Answer

A)  The complex spatial distributions of primate food resources 
B)  The complex social relationships primates maintain 
C)  The sophisticated use of tools by many primates 
D)  The tendency of females and immatures to introduce technological innovations into their groups 
A)  The complex spatial distributions of primate food resources 
B)  The complex social relationships primates maintain 
C)  The sophisticated use of tools by many primates 
D)  The tendency of females and immatures to introduce technological innovations into their groups

Question 8

Contrast what is known about the different cognitive abilities of monkeys and apes, using specific examples for each.

Accepted Answer

Monkeys and apes have different cognitiv

Question 9

Describe the different contexts in which each of the four modes of primate communication are used.

Accepted Answer

The four modes of primate communication

Question 10

Alarms calls and "trill" vocalizations:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are used in long-distance communication 
B)  Are used in close-range communication 
C)  Are given in appropriate contexts from birth 
D)  Appear to be learned 
A)  Are used in long-distance communication 
B)  Are used in close-range communication 
C)  Are given in appropriate contexts from birth 
D)  Appear to be learned

Question 11

Field playback experiments have been used in a variety of ways to understand primate communication and cognitive abilities. (a) Describe two such studies on different primate species, and discuss the major findings from each. b) Now, consider the ethical concerns and how research has (or should) reduce any risks to the primates.

Accepted Answer

(a) One study on primate communication a

Question 12

Define what is meant by the "Theory of Mind" and explain its importance to primate social behavior.

Accepted Answer

The Theory of Mind refers to the ability

Question 13

The silence maintained by male chimpanzees on patrols of their community's range:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is atypical; usually they are extremely noisy at these times 
B)  Appears to be an example of voluntary control 
C)  Reduces their ability to detect intruders 
D)  Is typical of chimpanzees in other contexts 
A)  Is atypical; usually they are extremely noisy at these times 
B)  Appears to be an example of voluntary control 
C)  Reduces their ability to detect intruders 
D)  Is typical of chimpanzees in other contexts

Question 14

Chimpanzee pant-grunts are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Indistinguishable among individuals 
B)  Variable vocalizations used in close-range communication 
C)  Used in long-distance communication 
D)  Similar to the "babbling" of infant pygmy marmosets 
A)  Indistinguishable among individuals 
B)  Variable vocalizations used in close-range communication 
C)  Used in long-distance communication 
D)  Similar to the "babbling" of infant pygmy marmosets

Question 15

Explain the rationales behind ecological and social models of the evolution of primate cognitive abilities.

Accepted Answer

The ecological and social models of the

Question 16

Tactical deception:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is beneficial to both the actor and the recipient 
B)  Has been observed in hominoids and tool-using monkeys 
C)  Is linked to possessing a theory of mind 
D)  Refers to the spatial abilities of primates 
A)  Is beneficial to both the actor and the recipient 
B)  Has been observed in hominoids and tool-using monkeys 
C)  Is linked to possessing a theory of mind 
D)  Refers to the spatial abilities of primates

Question 17

Field experiments of moustached tamarins have found:

Accepted Answer

A)  A positive relationship between the amount of food left on feeding platforms and the ranging patterns of the monkeys 
B)  Carry over from one day to the next in the monkeys' experience with different feeding platforms 
C)  That the monkeys return to a feeding platform later in the day independent of whether they encountered food there in the morning 
D)  Evidence of decision making rules on a day-to-day basis depending on whether or not they encountered food at a feeding platform in the morning 
A)  A positive relationship between the amount of food left on feeding platforms and the ranging patterns of the monkeys 
B)  Carry over from one day to the next in the monkeys' experience with different feeding platforms 
C)  That the monkeys return to a feeding platform later in the day independent of whether they encountered food there in the morning 
D)  Evidence of decision making rules on a day-to-day basis depending on whether or not they encountered food at a feeding platform in the morning

Question 18

Tool-sets of chimpanzees:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are similar to those used by gorillas 
B)  Are similar across populations independent of the availability of material and food 
C)  Involve the use of two or more tools in association 
D)  Involve the use of tools in social displays 
A)  Are similar to those used by gorillas 
B)  Are similar across populations independent of the availability of material and food 
C)  Involve the use of two or more tools in association 
D)  Involve the use of tools in social displays

Question 19

Pheromones are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormones that all primates produce 
B)  Volatile fatty acids secreted in response to circulating hormones 
C)  Intentional signals that can be used to deceive other individuals 
D)  Exemplified by the elevated levels of prolactin male and female primates produce 
A)  Hormones that all primates produce 
B)  Volatile fatty acids secreted in response to circulating hormones 
C)  Intentional signals that can be used to deceive other individuals 
D)  Exemplified by the elevated levels of prolactin male and female primates produce

Question 20

Sound spectrograms demonstrate that gibbon vocalizations:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are indistinguishable across different species 
B)  Differ between species, but are identical in all populations of the same species 
C)  Differ between species and between populations of the same species 
D)  Differ between populations of the same species, but are similar across species 
A)  Are indistinguishable across different species 
B)  Differ between species, but are identical in all populations of the same species 
C)  Differ between species and between populations of the same species 
D)  Differ between populations of the same species, but are similar across species

Cross-fostering experiments involve:

Briefly discuss the risks of reintroductions and translocation projects for endangered primates, and evaluate the conditions under which such risks might be justified.

Long distance calls tend to be:

The reintroduction of golden lion tamarins, or GLTs, into the wild:

Which group of primates has the most limited repertory of facial expressions?

Imitation:

Social models of cognitive evolution emphasize:

Contrast what is known about the different cognitive abilities of monkeys and apes, using specific examples for each.

Describe the different contexts in which each of the four modes of primate communication are used.

Alarms calls and "trill" vocalizations:

Define what is meant by the "Theory of Mind" and explain its importance to primate social behavior.

The silence maintained by male chimpanzees on patrols of their community's range:

Chimpanzee pant-grunts are:

Explain the rationales behind ecological and social models of the evolution of primate cognitive abilities.

Tactical deception:

Field experiments of moustached tamarins have found:

Tool-sets of chimpanzees:

Pheromones are:

Sound spectrograms demonstrate that gibbon vocalizations:

Introduction to Primate Studis

Traits, Trends, and Taxonomy

Primates Past to Present

Evolution and Social Behavior

Evolution and Sex

Food and Foraging

Female Strategies

Male Strategies

Developmental Stages Through the Life Span

Community Ecology

Conservation

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Exam 10: Communication and Cognition

Cross-fostering experiments involve:

Briefly discuss the risks of reintroductions and translocation projects for endangered primates, and evaluate the conditions under which such risks might be justified.

Long distance calls tend to be:

The reintroduction of golden lion tamarins, or GLTs, into the wild:

Which group of primates has the most limited repertory of facial expressions?

Imitation:

Social models of cognitive evolution emphasize:

Contrast what is known about the different cognitive abilities of monkeys and apes, using specific examples for each.

Describe the different contexts in which each of the four modes of primate communication are used.

Alarms calls and "trill" vocalizations:

Define what is meant by the "Theory of Mind" and explain its importance to primate social behavior.

The silence maintained by male chimpanzees on patrols of their community's range:

Chimpanzee pant-grunts are:

Explain the rationales behind ecological and social models of the evolution of primate cognitive abilities.

Tactical deception:

Field experiments of moustached tamarins have found:

Tool-sets of chimpanzees:

Pheromones are:

Sound spectrograms demonstrate that gibbon vocalizations:

Introduction to Primate Studis

Traits, Trends, and Taxonomy

Primates Past to Present

Evolution and Social Behavior

Evolution and Sex

Food and Foraging

Female Strategies

Male Strategies

Developmental Stages Through the Life Span

Community Ecology

Conservation

Filters