Question 1

Explain the process of differential association and how it can lead to a criminal or deviant career.

Accepted Answer

Differential association theory, develop

Question 2

Age is an important correlate of crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, which of the following variables is the key to conformity?

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-esteem 
B)  lack of deviant associations 
C)  proper early socialization 
D)  self-control 
A)  high self-esteem 
B)  lack of deviant associations 
C)  proper early socialization 
D)  self-control

Question 4

Why are the type of crimes called mala prohibita socially controversial?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not considered crimes. 
B)  They lack consensus. 
C)  Convictions are hard to get. 
D)  Their punishments vary. 
A)  They are not considered crimes. 
B)  They lack consensus. 
C)  Convictions are hard to get. 
D)  Their punishments vary.

Question 5

According to the text, how has female deviance been viewed in the past?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has been seen as a big problem. 
B)  It has been seen as a sexually based problem. 
C)  It has been seen as a moral issue. 
D)  It has been seen as similar to that of males. 
A)  It has been seen as a big problem. 
B)  It has been seen as a sexually based problem. 
C)  It has been seen as a moral issue. 
D)  It has been seen as similar to that of males.

Question 6

A teenager from an impoverished background is doing poorly at school; he gives up on conventional expectations, joins a skinhead group, and starts drinking heavily. What theory of crime best explains his case?

Accepted Answer

A)  routine activities theory 
B)  control theory 
C)  strain theory 
D)  differential association theory 
A)  routine activities theory 
B)  control theory 
C)  strain theory 
D)  differential association theory

Question 7

A minor is having sex and smoking-what would the text author conclude about this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  These behaviours bring overreactions from adults in society. 
B)  These behaviours are described as a deviance for a minor. 
C)  These behaviours are a normal part of growing up. 
D)  These behaviours would be cause for concern. 
A)  These behaviours bring overreactions from adults in society. 
B)  These behaviours are described as a deviance for a minor. 
C)  These behaviours are a normal part of growing up. 
D)  These behaviours would be cause for concern.

Question 8

Canada's "tough on crime" stance and proposed legislation is premised on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehabilitation theory 
B)  penology theory 
C)  deterrence theory 
D)  recidivism theory 
A)  rehabilitation theory 
B)  penology theory 
C)  deterrence theory 
D)  recidivism theory

Question 9

One theory of crime suggests that women's crime rates will increase as more women enter the labour force and assume power, while simultaneously being less involved as wives and mothers. Which theory posits this notion?

Accepted Answer

A)  routine activities hypothesis 
B)  rational choice theory 
C)  liberation hypothesis 
D)  control theory 
A)  routine activities hypothesis 
B)  rational choice theory 
C)  liberation hypothesis 
D)  control theory

Question 10

If crime rates are actually decreasing, why is the public fear of crime on the increase? How do sociologists account for the crime decrease during the 1990s?

Accepted Answer

Responses will vary, but may i

Question 11

Describe a circumstance where a person might be forced to innovate and commit a crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a circumstance where a person might...

Question 12

Toronto has the highest homicide rate in Canada.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The idea that social structure exerts pressure upon certain people to NOT conform is central to which approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge-power perspective 
B)  class-conflict theory 
C)  status-conflict perspective 
D)  strain theory 
A)  knowledge-power perspective 
B)  class-conflict theory 
C)  status-conflict perspective 
D)  strain theory

Question 14

What kind of selection process governs media reporting on crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  the sheer amount of crime occurring 
B)  attempts to prioritize "conflict crimes" for coverage 
C)  depicting relatively rare occurrences as emerging trends 
D)  reporting the objective facts without prejudice or bias 
A)  the sheer amount of crime occurring 
B)  attempts to prioritize "conflict crimes" for coverage 
C)  depicting relatively rare occurrences as emerging trends 
D)  reporting the objective facts without prejudice or bias

Question 15

In responding to rule-breaking behaviour, sometimes consensus is a key to understanding social responses. Which of the following was the consensus applied to the decapitation of a Greyhound bus passenger in Manitoba in August 2008?

Accepted Answer

A)  duration 
B)  intensity 
C)  mala prohibita 
D)  seriousness 
A)  duration 
B)  intensity 
C)  mala prohibita 
D)  seriousness

Question 16

According to the text, what has been increasingly happening in schools since the shootings at Columbine high school in April 1999?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schools are being transformed into custodial institutions. 
B)  Additional surveillance has resulted in making schools safer for students. 
C)  The school climate is benefiting from reduced levels of fear and anxiety. 
D)  Deviant behaviour within schools is being reduced as a result of zero tolerance policies. 
A)  Schools are being transformed into custodial institutions. 
B)  Additional surveillance has resulted in making schools safer for students. 
C)  The school climate is benefiting from reduced levels of fear and anxiety. 
D)  Deviant behaviour within schools is being reduced as a result of zero tolerance policies.

Question 17

In a fit of jealous rage, a man attacks his wife's lover. After a few months in jail, he vows that no matter what, he will never commit a crime again-because of his negative incarceration experience. Sociologically speaking, what is this called?

Accepted Answer

A)  general recidivism 
B)  specific recidivism 
C)  specific deterrence 
D)  general deterrence 
A)  general recidivism 
B)  specific recidivism 
C)  specific deterrence 
D)  general deterrence

Question 18

What percentage of crime is unearthed through the efforts of police?

Accepted Answer

A)  no more than 5 percent 
B)  no more than 10 percent 
C)  no more than 15 percent 
D)  no more than 20 percent 
A)  no more than 5 percent 
B)  no more than 10 percent 
C)  no more than 15 percent 
D)  no more than 20 percent

Question 19

According to the text, how have self-report studies benefited sociologists when conducting research on deviance among young people?

Accepted Answer

They provide sociologists with an unders

Question 20

Peter did not like to bathe, so his friends began to call him "Piggy Pete." He finally took the hint and began to bathe more often. What would the text call this strategy to address deviant behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  strategic teasing 
B)  communal pressure 
C)  correctional activity 
D)  deviance directive 
A)  strategic teasing 
B)  communal pressure 
C)  correctional activity 
D)  deviance directive

Exam 14: Deviance and Crime

Explain the process of differential association and how it can lead to a criminal or deviant career.

Age is an important correlate of crime.

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, which of the following variables is the key to conformity?

Why are the type of crimes called mala prohibita socially controversial?

According to the text, how has female deviance been viewed in the past?

A teenager from an impoverished background is doing poorly at school; he gives up on conventional expectations, joins a skinhead group, and starts drinking heavily. What theory of crime best explains his case?

A minor is having sex and smoking-what would the text author conclude about this behaviour?

Canada's "tough on crime" stance and proposed legislation is premised on which of the following?

One theory of crime suggests that women's crime rates will increase as more women enter the labour force and assume power, while simultaneously being less involved as wives and mothers. Which theory posits this notion?

If crime rates are actually decreasing, why is the public fear of crime on the increase? How do sociologists account for the crime decrease during the 1990s?

Describe a circumstance where a person might be forced to innovate and commit a crime.

Toronto has the highest homicide rate in Canada.

The idea that social structure exerts pressure upon certain people to NOT conform is central to which approach?

What kind of selection process governs media reporting on crime?

In responding to rule-breaking behaviour, sometimes consensus is a key to understanding social responses. Which of the following was the consensus applied to the decapitation of a Greyhound bus passenger in Manitoba in August 2008?

According to the text, what has been increasingly happening in schools since the shootings at Columbine high school in April 1999?

In a fit of jealous rage, a man attacks his wife's lover. After a few months in jail, he vows that no matter what, he will never commit a crime again-because of his negative incarceration experience. Sociologically speaking, what is this called?

What percentage of crime is unearthed through the efforts of police?

According to the text, how have self-report studies benefited sociologists when conducting research on deviance among young people?

Peter did not like to bathe, so his friends began to call him "Piggy Pete." He finally took the hint and began to bathe more often. What would the text call this strategy to address deviant behaviour?

Introduction to Sociology

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