Chat with AIExam 7: Intercultural Communication
Name all the cultural dimensions outlined by Hofstede.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotGeert Hofstede, a Dutch social psychologist, identified several cultural dimensions that describe the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior. Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural communication and is widely used in the fields of international business, psychology, and communication. The original model, developed in the 1970s and 1980s, identified four dimensions, which were later expanded to six. The six cultural dimensions outlined by Hofstede are:
1. Power Distance Index (PDI): This dimension measures the extent to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. In cultures with high power distance, hierarchy is clearly established and accepted, while in cultures with low power distance, power relations are more democratic and participative.
2. Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV): This dimension reflects the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. In individualistic societies, people are expected to look after themselves and their immediate family only. In contrast, in collectivist societies, individuals are part of strong, cohesive in-groups that protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.
3. Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS): This dimension describes the distribution of roles between the genders. In masculine societies, the focus is on competitiveness, achievement, and success, with success being defined by the winner/best in field. Feminine societies, on the other hand, value caring for others and quality of life, with success defined by living well and being happy.
4. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI): This dimension measures the extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations. Cultures with high uncertainty avoidance have a strong need for rules and elaborate legal systems to structure life, while cultures with low uncertainty avoidance are more relaxed and open to change and innovation.
5. Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Normative Orientation (LTO): This dimension reflects a society's time horizon. Long-term oriented societies attach more importance to the future and value perseverance and thrift. Short-term oriented societies are more focused on the past and the present and value tradition, current social hierarchies, and fulfilling social obligations.
6. Indulgence vs. Restraint (IVR): This dimension is related to the gratification versus control of basic human desires related to enjoying life and having fun. Indulgent societies have a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun. Restrained societies have a conviction that such gratification needs to be curbed and regulated by strict social norms.
These dimensions provide a framework for understanding how cultural differences can impact the behavior of individuals and organizations. They are used to compare cultures and to understand the challenges of intercultural communication and international business operations.
Which groups' features does ethnolinguistic vitality taken into account?
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Explain the relationship between anxiety uncertainty management of meaning (AUMM) theory and intercultural competence.
(29) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe Anxiety Uncertainty Management of Meaning (AUMM) theory and intercultural competence are closely related in the context of understanding and navigating cultural differences. AUMM theory suggests that individuals experience anxiety and uncertainty when faced with unfamiliar or ambiguous situations, particularly in intercultural interactions. Intercultural competence, on the other hand, refers to the ability to effectively communicate and interact with people from different cultural backgrounds.
The AUMM theory helps to explain how individuals may experience anxiety and uncertainty when encountering cultural differences, such as unfamiliar customs, communication styles, or social norms. This can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and discomfort in intercultural interactions. Intercultural competence, therefore, involves the ability to manage and navigate these feelings of anxiety and uncertainty in order to communicate and interact effectively with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
By understanding and applying the principles of AUMM theory, individuals can develop the skills and strategies necessary to navigate intercultural interactions with greater ease and effectiveness. This may involve developing greater cultural awareness, empathy, and flexibility, as well as learning to manage and reduce feelings of anxiety and uncertainty in cross-cultural encounters. Ultimately, the relationship between AUMM theory and intercultural competence lies in the ability to understand and manage the psychological and emotional aspects of intercultural communication in order to build successful and meaningful cross-cultural relationships.
Which stage do individuals not go through according to the cultural adaptation theory?
(33) Which of the following dimensions did Hofstede define most recently?
(32) Which of the following characteristics refer to high uncertainty avoidance nations?
(35) Which elements are significant to Kim's cultural adaptation theory?
(29) Which of the following qualities is not generally valued in masculine societies?
(36) Which of the following factors can affect intercultural competence?
(30) Which theories deal with "identity" in intercultural communication?
(30) Which of the sub-disciplines in intercultural communication focuses on comparing the same phenomena in different cultures?
(35) 
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