Question 1

What role does heredity play in deviant behavior? How do personality traits effect behavior?

Accepted Answer

Heredity can play a role in deviant behavior through genetic predispositions. Certain genetic factors may make individuals more susceptible to engaging in deviant behavior, such as impulsivity or aggression. However, it's important to note that heredity is just one factor and does not determine behavior on its own.

Personality traits can also have a significant impact on behavior. For example, individuals with high levels of extraversion may be more likely to seek out thrilling or risky experiences, potentially leading to deviant behavior. Similarly, individuals with low levels of conscientiousness may be more prone to impulsive or irresponsible actions.

Overall, while heredity and personality traits can influence behavior, they are just one piece of the puzzle. Environmental factors, upbringing, and personal choices also play a crucial role in determining whether an individual engages in deviant behavior.

Question 2

What is the emphasis of control theory?

Accepted Answer

Control theory is a field of engineering and mathematics that deals with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how their behavior is modified by feedback. The emphasis of control theory is on the design of systems that exhibit desired behaviors over time. It involves the development of strategies for controlling such systems, ensuring stability, and achieving performance objectives.

Key aspects of control theory include:

1. **System Modeling**: Creating mathematical models that represent the dynamics of the system being controlled. These models are used to predict how the system will respond to various inputs and to design appropriate control strategies.

2. **Feedback Control**: Using sensors to monitor the output of a system and then using this information to adjust the inputs to the system in a way that achieves the desired outcome. Feedback loops are fundamental to control systems, allowing them to be self-correcting.

3. **Stability Analysis**: Ensuring that the system will behave in a predictable manner over time, and that it will not exhibit undesirable behaviors such as oscillations or divergence from a set point.

4. **Performance Optimization**: Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the control system. This can involve minimizing the time it takes for the system to reach its desired state, reducing the energy consumption, or maximizing the accuracy of the system's response.

5. **Robustness**: Designing control systems that can handle variability and uncertainties in the system or the environment. A robust control system can maintain performance despite disturbances or changes in system parameters.

6. **Adaptive and Learning Systems**: Developing control systems that can adapt to changing conditions or learn from past behavior to improve performance over time.

Control theory is applied in various domains, including industrial control systems, robotics, aerospace, automotive systems, and even biological systems. The ultimate goal is to create systems that can autonomously achieve and maintain a desired state or trajectory in the face of internal and external disturbances.

Question 3

The results of mass testing of World War I draftees eventually overturned the theory that deviance:

Accepted Answer

A)  was inherited 
B)  resulted from moral insanity 
C)  was linked with the XYY chromosome syndrome 
D)  was associated with feeblemindedness 
E)  was linked with brain malfunction 
A)  was inherited 
B)  resulted from moral insanity 
C)  was linked with the XYY chromosome syndrome 
D)  was associated with feeblemindedness 
E)  was linked with brain malfunction D

Question 4

Emile Durkheim claims that deviance is inevitable and necessary for the health and progress of society, and thus is normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

______________ states that deviance is caused not by the presence of deviant values, beliefs, or other motivating factors, but by the absence of values and beliefs that normally forbid delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________ states that deviance is caused not...

Question 6

Guerry and Quetelet were the first to conduct research within the framework of:

Accepted Answer

A)  socio- economic status 
B)  individual pathology 
C)  social determinism 
D)  learning theory 
E)  psychogenic determinism 
A)  socio- economic status 
B)  individual pathology 
C)  social determinism 
D)  learning theory 
E)  psychogenic determinism

Question 7

Current theories of brain malfunction are designed to explain episodes of:

Accepted Answer

A)  violence 
B)  theft 
C)  sexual impulses 
D)  emotional indifference 
E)  political corruption 
A)  violence 
B)  theft 
C)  sexual impulses 
D)  emotional indifference 
E)  political corruption

Question 8

Clifford Shaw's work on the ecology of delinquency was influenced by the writings of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lombroso and Bonger 
B)  Darwin and Quetelet 
C)  Merton and Sutherland 
D)  Durkheim and Marx 
E)  Mark and Erwin 
A)  Lombroso and Bonger 
B)  Darwin and Quetelet 
C)  Merton and Sutherland 
D)  Durkheim and Marx 
E)  Mark and Erwin

Question 9

How does Merton's concept of anomie differ from Durkheim's? Give examples of the 'individual modes of adaptation.'

Accepted Answer

Merton's concept of anomie differs from

Question 10

The mentally disordered, drug addicts, and alcoholics exemplify which of Merton's adaptation types?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retreatism 
B)  Rebellion 
C)  Innovation 
D)  Ritualism 
A)  Retreatism 
B)  Rebellion 
C)  Innovation 
D)  Ritualism

Question 11

Clifford Shaw researched the relationship between rapid city growth and deteriorating residential areas with high rates of delinquency and crime. He concluded that these areas were characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  anomie 
B)  labeling 
C)  social disorganization 
D)  class conflict 
E)  despair and withdrawal 
A)  anomie 
B)  labeling 
C)  social disorganization 
D)  class conflict 
E)  despair and withdrawal

Question 12

According to Merton's typology of adaptations to anomie, as an individual who accepts society's goals may be:

Accepted Answer

A)  an innovator or retreatist 
B)  a conformist or ritualist 
C)  a retreatist or ritualist 
D)  an innovator or conformist 
E)  a ritualist or innovator 
A)  an innovator or retreatist 
B)  a conformist or ritualist 
C)  a retreatist or ritualist 
D)  an innovator or conformist 
E)  a ritualist or innovator

Question 13

How does a Marxist explain deviance?

Accepted Answer

Marxists explain deviance as a result of

Question 14

The various versions of differential association theory are in agreement that:

Accepted Answer

A)  much of deviant behavior is pathological 
B)  all deviant behavior is learned in groups 
C)  much of deviant behavior is normal 
D)  deviance results primarily from situational factors 
E)  none of the above 
A)  much of deviant behavior is pathological 
B)  all deviant behavior is learned in groups 
C)  much of deviant behavior is normal 
D)  deviance results primarily from situational factors 
E)  none of the above

Question 15

Durkheim's version of anomie referred to:

Accepted Answer

A)  socially unregulated human aspirations 
B)  a strain in society which pushed its members toward deviance 
C)  a breakdown, disorganization, and inconsistency of norms 
D)  a lack of direction in terms of the institutionalized means 
E)  the learning of deviance 
A)  socially unregulated human aspirations 
B)  a strain in society which pushed its members toward deviance 
C)  a breakdown, disorganization, and inconsistency of norms 
D)  a lack of direction in terms of the institutionalized means 
E)  the learning of deviance

Question 16

According to Albert K. Cohen, lower-class boys retreat into delinquent gangs because they find it hard to meet the criteria set by their middle-class teachers using middle-class standards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief are elements of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sutherland's differential association theory 
B)  Merton's anomie theory 
C)  Hirschi's bonding theory 
D)  Shaw's social disorganization theory 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Sutherland's differential association theory 
B)  Merton's anomie theory 
C)  Hirschi's bonding theory 
D)  Shaw's social disorganization theory 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

_________________ claimed that there is a relationship between deviance and mental deficiency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________________ claimed that there is a relationship...

Question 19

Merton's theory of anomie involves the interaction of two social components: __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

cultural g

Question 20

Name the advocates of theories linking physical type to deviance and discuss their beliefs.

Accepted Answer

The advocates of theories linking physic

What role does heredity play in deviant behavior? How do personality traits effect behavior?

What is the emphasis of control theory?

The results of mass testing of World War I draftees eventually overturned the theory that deviance:

Emile Durkheim claims that deviance is inevitable and necessary for the health and progress of society, and thus is normal.

______________ states that deviance is caused not by the presence of deviant values, beliefs, or other motivating factors, but by the absence of values and beliefs that normally forbid delinquency.

Guerry and Quetelet were the first to conduct research within the framework of:

Current theories of brain malfunction are designed to explain episodes of:

Clifford Shaw's work on the ecology of delinquency was influenced by the writings of:

How does Merton's concept of anomie differ from Durkheim's? Give examples of the 'individual modes of adaptation.'

The mentally disordered, drug addicts, and alcoholics exemplify which of Merton's adaptation types?

Clifford Shaw researched the relationship between rapid city growth and deteriorating residential areas with high rates of delinquency and crime. He concluded that these areas were characterized by:

According to Merton's typology of adaptations to anomie, as an individual who accepts society's goals may be:

How does a Marxist explain deviance?

The various versions of differential association theory are in agreement that:

Durkheim's version of anomie referred to:

According to Albert K. Cohen, lower-class boys retreat into delinquent gangs because they find it hard to meet the criteria set by their middle-class teachers using middle-class standards.

Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief are elements of:

_________________ claimed that there is a relationship between deviance and mental deficiency.

Merton's theory of anomie involves the interaction of two social components: and .

Name the advocates of theories linking physical type to deviance and discuss their beliefs.

Perspectives on Deviance

Why is Certain Behavior Deviant?

Crime in the Streets—Against the Person

Crime in the Streets—Against Property

Assaults Against Children and Spouses

Deviance and Organizations

Deviant Drug Use

Mental Disorders

Suicide

Cyberdeviance

Sexual Deviance and Sexual Harassment

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Criminal Deviance

What role does heredity play in deviant behavior? How do personality traits effect behavior?

What is the emphasis of control theory?

The results of mass testing of World War I draftees eventually overturned the theory that deviance:

Emile Durkheim claims that deviance is inevitable and necessary for the health and progress of society, and thus is normal.

______________ states that deviance is caused not by the presence of deviant values, beliefs, or other motivating factors, but by the absence of values and beliefs that normally forbid delinquency.

Guerry and Quetelet were the first to conduct research within the framework of:

Current theories of brain malfunction are designed to explain episodes of:

Clifford Shaw's work on the ecology of delinquency was influenced by the writings of:

How does Merton's concept of anomie differ from Durkheim's? Give examples of the 'individual modes of adaptation.'

The mentally disordered, drug addicts, and alcoholics exemplify which of Merton's adaptation types?

Clifford Shaw researched the relationship between rapid city growth and deteriorating residential areas with high rates of delinquency and crime. He concluded that these areas were characterized by:

According to Merton's typology of adaptations to anomie, as an individual who accepts society's goals may be:

How does a Marxist explain deviance?

The various versions of differential association theory are in agreement that:

Durkheim's version of anomie referred to:

According to Albert K. Cohen, lower-class boys retreat into delinquent gangs because they find it hard to meet the criteria set by their middle-class teachers using middle-class standards.

Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief are elements of:

_________________ claimed that there is a relationship between deviance and mental deficiency.

Merton's theory of anomie involves the interaction of two social components: __________ and __________.

Name the advocates of theories linking physical type to deviance and discuss their beliefs.

Perspectives on Deviance

Why is Certain Behavior Deviant?

Crime in the Streets—Against the Person

Crime in the Streets—Against Property

Assaults Against Children and Spouses

Deviance and Organizations

Deviant Drug Use

Mental Disorders

Suicide

Cyberdeviance

Sexual Deviance and Sexual Harassment

Filters

Merton's theory of anomie involves the interaction of two social components: and .