Question 1

As an approach to understanding deviant behavior, positivism appeals to groups in power because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it promotes large scale social change 
B)  it illuminates points of conflict in society 
C)  it allows the prestige of science to justify treating deviants as fundamentally non-normal 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  it promotes large scale social change 
B)  it illuminates points of conflict in society 
C)  it allows the prestige of science to justify treating deviants as fundamentally non-normal 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above C

Question 2

The earliest scientific study of deviants was associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  atavism 
B)  the classical school of criminology 
C)  phrenology 
D)  anomie 
E)  moral insanity 
A)  atavism 
B)  the classical school of criminology 
C)  phrenology 
D)  anomie 
E)  moral insanity C

Question 3

Cesare Beccaria is associated with what is now called the classical school of criminology. According to Beccaria's writings, human behavior is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  biological laws 
B)  economic forces 
C)  subcultural learning 
D)  rational calculation 
E)  structural strain 
A)  biological laws 
B)  economic forces 
C)  subcultural learning 
D)  rational calculation 
E)  structural strain D

Question 4

At the beginning of this century the research of Charles Goring on English convicts overturned Lombroso's theory of the "born criminal." Goring claimed his research supported the notion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  criminal subcultures 
B)  phrenology 
C)  inherited criminality 
D)  criminal subconsciousness 
E)  brain malfunction 
A)  criminal subcultures 
B)  phrenology 
C)  inherited criminality 
D)  criminal subconsciousness 
E)  brain malfunction

Question 5

The classical school of criminology was principally a reaction against:

Accepted Answer

A)  phrenology 
B)  positivism 
C)  the harshness of the justice system 
D)  the increasing gap between the haves and the have-nots 
E)  the assumption that humans are rational 
A)  phrenology 
B)  positivism 
C)  the harshness of the justice system 
D)  the increasing gap between the haves and the have-nots 
E)  the assumption that humans are rational

Question 6

An assumption of the positivist approach to deviant behavior is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  deviation results from a pathology 
B)  we can never be positive about the causes of deviance 
C)  deviance has positive consequences for society 
D)  deviance is based on rational decision making 
E)  none of the above 
A)  deviation results from a pathology 
B)  we can never be positive about the causes of deviance 
C)  deviance has positive consequences for society 
D)  deviance is based on rational decision making 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

Phrenology declined in influence as an explanation of deviance because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lombroso's research proved it to be based on false assumptions 
B)  It was not deterministic enough 
C)  the intellectual community regarded it as too fatalistic 
D)  Gall, its leading proponent, was discovered to be incompetent as a scientist 
E)  it was replaced by subcultural explanations 
A)  Lombroso's research proved it to be based on false assumptions 
B)  It was not deterministic enough 
C)  the intellectual community regarded it as too fatalistic 
D)  Gall, its leading proponent, was discovered to be incompetent as a scientist 
E)  it was replaced by subcultural explanations

Question 8

The first generally recognized school of criminology was the positivist school.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Earnest Albert Hooton attempted to explain juvenile delinquency by examining the relationship between body type or physique and particular patterns of mental and behavioral characteristics or temperaments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

According to Cesare Beccaria, humans are fundamentally rational and hedonistic; they possess free will and make deliberate decisions to behave based upon a calculation of the pain and pleasure involved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Cesare Lombroso described the atavist as a throwback to an earlier stage in human development whose physical traits tend to cause criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Why would a positivist be considered a determinist?

Accepted Answer

A positivist might be considered a deter

Question 13

What or who is deviant varies according to:

Accepted Answer

A)  time 
B)  context of the behavior 
C)  whose interests are endangered by the behavior 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  time 
B)  context of the behavior 
C)  whose interests are endangered by the behavior 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

Lombroso's notion of the "born criminal" was influenced by the writings of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud on the unconscious 
B)  Charles Darwin on human evolution 
C)  Charles Goring on human genetics 
D)  Cesare Beccaria on the source of determinism 
E)  Karl Marx on the permanence of the "dangerous classes" 
A)  Sigmund Freud on the unconscious 
B)  Charles Darwin on human evolution 
C)  Charles Goring on human genetics 
D)  Cesare Beccaria on the source of determinism 
E)  Karl Marx on the permanence of the "dangerous classes"

Question 15

Positivism is a philosophical approach to knowledge. It assumes that knowledge is best acquired from:

Accepted Answer

A)  what is tangible 
B)  speculation 
C)  rational intuition 
D)  what is positive for society 
E)  what can be deduced from religious beliefs 
A)  what is tangible 
B)  speculation 
C)  rational intuition 
D)  what is positive for society 
E)  what can be deduced from religious beliefs

Question 16

Describe a positivistic method.

Accepted Answer

A positivistic method refers to an appro

Question 17

_________ is any behavior or physical appearance that is socially challenged and condemned because it departs from the norms and expectations of a group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ is any behavior or physical appearance...

Question 18

Phrenology is the determination of mental facilities and character traits from the shape of the skull.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In dealing with deviance scientifically, the _________ approach shifts attention away from the rational deviant seeking happiness to one whose behavior is determined by forces beyond her or his control (i.e. biological, psychogenic, etc )

Accepted Answer

The answer of In dealing with deviance scientifically, the _________...

Question 20

What are Beccaria's beliefs on crime and humanity and why did those beliefs develop along those lines? How did the Neoclassicists refine Beccaria's philosophy?

Accepted Answer

Cesare Beccaria, an Italian philosopher

As an approach to understanding deviant behavior, positivism appeals to groups in power because:

The earliest scientific study of deviants was associated with:

Cesare Beccaria is associated with what is now called the classical school of criminology. According to Beccaria's writings, human behavior is based on:

At the beginning of this century the research of Charles Goring on English convicts overturned Lombroso's theory of the "born criminal." Goring claimed his research supported the notion of:

The classical school of criminology was principally a reaction against:

An assumption of the positivist approach to deviant behavior is that:

Phrenology declined in influence as an explanation of deviance because:

The first generally recognized school of criminology was the positivist school.

Earnest Albert Hooton attempted to explain juvenile delinquency by examining the relationship between body type or physique and particular patterns of mental and behavioral characteristics or temperaments.

According to Cesare Beccaria, humans are fundamentally rational and hedonistic; they possess free will and make deliberate decisions to behave based upon a calculation of the pain and pleasure involved.

Cesare Lombroso described the atavist as a throwback to an earlier stage in human development whose physical traits tend to cause criminal behavior.

Why would a positivist be considered a determinist?

What or who is deviant varies according to:

Lombroso's notion of the "born criminal" was influenced by the writings of:

Positivism is a philosophical approach to knowledge. It assumes that knowledge is best acquired from:

Describe a positivistic method.

_________ is any behavior or physical appearance that is socially challenged and condemned because it departs from the norms and expectations of a group.

Phrenology is the determination of mental facilities and character traits from the shape of the skull.

In dealing with deviance scientifically, the _________ approach shifts attention away from the rational deviant seeking happiness to one whose behavior is determined by forces beyond her or his control (i.e. biological, psychogenic, etc )

What are Beccaria's beliefs on crime and humanity and why did those beliefs develop along those lines? How did the Neoclassicists refine Beccaria's philosophy?

Theories of Criminal Deviance

Why is Certain Behavior Deviant?

Crime in the Streets—Against the Person

Crime in the Streets—Against Property

Assaults Against Children and Spouses

Deviance and Organizations

Deviant Drug Use

Mental Disorders

Suicide

Cyberdeviance

Sexual Deviance and Sexual Harassment

Filters

Exam 1: Perspectives on Deviance

As an approach to understanding deviant behavior, positivism appeals to groups in power because:

The earliest scientific study of deviants was associated with:

Cesare Beccaria is associated with what is now called the classical school of criminology. According to Beccaria's writings, human behavior is based on:

At the beginning of this century the research of Charles Goring on English convicts overturned Lombroso's theory of the "born criminal." Goring claimed his research supported the notion of:

The classical school of criminology was principally a reaction against:

An assumption of the positivist approach to deviant behavior is that:

Phrenology declined in influence as an explanation of deviance because:

The first generally recognized school of criminology was the positivist school.

Earnest Albert Hooton attempted to explain juvenile delinquency by examining the relationship between body type or physique and particular patterns of mental and behavioral characteristics or temperaments.

According to Cesare Beccaria, humans are fundamentally rational and hedonistic; they possess free will and make deliberate decisions to behave based upon a calculation of the pain and pleasure involved.

Cesare Lombroso described the atavist as a throwback to an earlier stage in human development whose physical traits tend to cause criminal behavior.

Why would a positivist be considered a determinist?

What or who is deviant varies according to:

Lombroso's notion of the "born criminal" was influenced by the writings of:

Positivism is a philosophical approach to knowledge. It assumes that knowledge is best acquired from:

Describe a positivistic method.

_________ is any behavior or physical appearance that is socially challenged and condemned because it departs from the norms and expectations of a group.

Phrenology is the determination of mental facilities and character traits from the shape of the skull.

In dealing with deviance scientifically, the _________ approach shifts attention away from the rational deviant seeking happiness to one whose behavior is determined by forces beyond her or his control (i.e. biological, psychogenic, etc )

What are Beccaria's beliefs on crime and humanity and why did those beliefs develop along those lines? How did the Neoclassicists refine Beccaria's philosophy?

Theories of Criminal Deviance

Why is Certain Behavior Deviant?

Crime in the Streets—Against the Person

Crime in the Streets—Against Property

Assaults Against Children and Spouses

Deviance and Organizations

Deviant Drug Use

Mental Disorders

Suicide

Cyberdeviance

Sexual Deviance and Sexual Harassment

Filters