Question 1

Who was Otto Loewi,and what were his major findings? Describe the experiment he ran to prove that the synapse was a chemical connection.

Accepted Answer

Otto Loewi was a German-born pharmacologist and Nobel Prize winner who is best known for his discovery of chemical neurotransmission. His major finding was the demonstration that nerve impulses are transmitted by means of chemical substances, or neurotransmitters, rather than by electrical impulses alone.

Loewi's groundbreaking experiment, which he conducted in 1921, involved two frog hearts. He first stimulated the vagus nerve of one frog's heart, causing it to slow down. He then collected the fluid surrounding the heart and transferred it to the second frog's heart, which also slowed down. This demonstrated that the chemical released by the stimulated nerve was responsible for the change in heart rate, proving that the synapse was a chemical connection.

This experiment provided the first evidence for the existence of chemical neurotransmission and laid the foundation for our understanding of how nerve cells communicate with each other. Loewi's work revolutionized the field of neuroscience and has had a lasting impact on our understanding of the nervous system.

Question 2

___ are released from axon terminals and are detected by receptors on an adjacent neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones 
B) Neurotransmitters 
C) Neurotoxins 
D) Pheromones 
A) Hormones 
B) Neurotransmitters 
C) Neurotoxins 
D) Pheromones B

Question 3

Which of the following is true of autoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A) Autoreceptors are located on postsynaptic membranes. 
B) Autoreceptors detect the amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft. 
C) Autoreceptors typically produce EPSPs. 
D) Autoreceptors are cell receptors that facilitate enzymes. 
A) Autoreceptors are located on postsynaptic membranes. 
B) Autoreceptors detect the amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft. 
C) Autoreceptors typically produce EPSPs. 
D) Autoreceptors are cell receptors that facilitate enzymes. B

Question 4

A neuron that transmits information between the central nervous system and a muscle is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) Motor neuron 
B) Sensory neuron 
C) Interneuron 
D) Projection neuron 
A) Motor neuron 
B) Sensory neuron 
C) Interneuron 
D) Projection neuron

Question 5

Local anesthetics work via ___ while general anesthetics have the effect of ___.

Accepted Answer

A) attaching to and blocking potassium ion channels,opening sodium ion channels 
B) attaching to and blocking sodium ion channels,opening potassium ion channels 
C) opening TDT channels,blocking TDT channels 
D) opening chloride ion channels,blocking potassium ion channels 
A) attaching to and blocking potassium ion channels,opening sodium ion channels 
B) attaching to and blocking sodium ion channels,opening potassium ion channels 
C) opening TDT channels,blocking TDT channels 
D) opening chloride ion channels,blocking potassium ion channels

Question 6

Fugu contains a sodium channel blocker.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Depolarization means the same thing as:

Accepted Answer

A) Hypopolarization 
B) Hyperpolarization 
C) Action potential 
D) Electrical gradient 
A) Hypopolarization 
B) Hyperpolarization 
C) Action potential 
D) Electrical gradient

Question 8

Describe temporal and spatial summation in neurons.

Accepted Answer

Temporal and spatial summation are two m

Question 9

Which of the statements about cell membranes is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) They contain specialized protein channels. 
B) They are made of two layers of lipids. 
C) Many millennia ago they were free-living single-celled organisms. 
D) They define cell boundaries. 
A) They contain specialized protein channels. 
B) They are made of two layers of lipids. 
C) Many millennia ago they were free-living single-celled organisms. 
D) They define cell boundaries.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding the absolute refractory period is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The potassium channels are closed and cannot be opened. 
B) The sodium channels are closed and cannot be opened. 
C) An action potential cannot be generated. 
D) The absolute refractory period ensures that the action potential will travel only in one direction. 
A) The potassium channels are closed and cannot be opened. 
B) The sodium channels are closed and cannot be opened. 
C) An action potential cannot be generated. 
D) The absolute refractory period ensures that the action potential will travel only in one direction.

Question 11

Myasthenia gravis can be treated with monoamine oxidase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Substance P is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the lower brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Axons are the longest part of the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The sodium-potassium pumps of a neuron are major consumers of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A brief,rapid reversal of the neuron's potential from -70mV to +30 or +40mV and back indicates:

Accepted Answer

A) Sustained membrane reversal 
B) A hyperpolarization 
C) An action potential 
D) A refractory period 
A) Sustained membrane reversal 
B) A hyperpolarization 
C) An action potential 
D) A refractory period

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding nicotinic receptors is false?

Accepted Answer

A) They are inhibitory. 
B) They are stimulated by acetylcholine. 
C) They are found in the brain. 
D) They are found in muscles. 
A) They are inhibitory. 
B) They are stimulated by acetylcholine. 
C) They are found in the brain. 
D) They are found in muscles.

Question 17

Where are vesicles stored?

Accepted Answer

A) The soma 
B) The axon terminals 
C) The synapse 
D) The synaptic cleft 
A) The soma 
B) The axon terminals 
C) The synapse 
D) The synaptic cleft

Question 18

If postsynaptic potentials arrive at the same location but a short time apart,___ will occur.

Accepted Answer

A) temporal summation 
B) simultaneous summation 
C) synaptic summation 
D) neural summation 
A) temporal summation 
B) simultaneous summation 
C) synaptic summation 
D) neural summation

Question 19

In the nervous system,which of the following types of cells is most numerous?

Accepted Answer

A) Glia 
B) Motor neurons 
C) Sensory neurons 
D) Interneurons 
A) Glia 
B) Motor neurons 
C) Sensory neurons 
D) Interneurons

Question 20

A movement of the resting membrane potential from -70 mV to -65 mV would be termed a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperpolarization 
B) Hypopolarization 
C) Action potential 
D) Subthreshold depolarization 
A) Hyperpolarization 
B) Hypopolarization 
C) Action potential 
D) Subthreshold depolarization

Who was Otto Loewi,and what were his major findings? Describe the experiment he ran to prove that the synapse was a chemical connection.

___ are released from axon terminals and are detected by receptors on an adjacent neuron.

Which of the following is true of autoreceptors?

A neuron that transmits information between the central nervous system and a muscle is called a(n):

Local anesthetics work via _ while general anesthetics have the effect of _.

Fugu contains a sodium channel blocker.

Depolarization means the same thing as:

Describe temporal and spatial summation in neurons.

Which of the statements about cell membranes is not correct?

Which of the following statements regarding the absolute refractory period is false?

Myasthenia gravis can be treated with monoamine oxidase.

Substance P is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the lower brain.

Axons are the longest part of the neuron.

The sodium-potassium pumps of a neuron are major consumers of energy.

A brief,rapid reversal of the neuron's potential from -70mV to +30 or +40mV and back indicates:

Which of the following statements regarding nicotinic receptors is false?

Where are vesicles stored?

If postsynaptic potentials arrive at the same location but a short time apart,___ will occur.

In the nervous system,which of the following types of cells is most numerous?

A movement of the resting membrane potential from -70 mV to -65 mV would be termed a(n):

What is Biopsychology?

The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

The Methods and Ethics of Research

Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

The Biology of Sex and Gender

Emotion and Health

Hearing and Language

Vision and Visual Perception

The Body Senses and Movement

Learning and Memory

Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Psychological Disorders

Sleep and Consciousness

Filters

Exam 2: Communication Within the Nervous System

Who was Otto Loewi,and what were his major findings? Describe the experiment he ran to prove that the synapse was a chemical connection.

___ are released from axon terminals and are detected by receptors on an adjacent neuron.

Which of the following is true of autoreceptors?

A neuron that transmits information between the central nervous system and a muscle is called a(n):

Local anesthetics work via ___ while general anesthetics have the effect of ___.

Fugu contains a sodium channel blocker.

Depolarization means the same thing as:

Describe temporal and spatial summation in neurons.

Which of the statements about cell membranes is not correct?

Which of the following statements regarding the absolute refractory period is false?

Myasthenia gravis can be treated with monoamine oxidase.

Substance P is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the lower brain.

Axons are the longest part of the neuron.

The sodium-potassium pumps of a neuron are major consumers of energy.

A brief,rapid reversal of the neuron's potential from -70mV to +30 or +40mV and back indicates:

Which of the following statements regarding nicotinic receptors is false?

Where are vesicles stored?

If postsynaptic potentials arrive at the same location but a short time apart,___ will occur.

In the nervous system,which of the following types of cells is most numerous?

A movement of the resting membrane potential from -70 mV to -65 mV would be termed a(n):

What is Biopsychology?

The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

The Methods and Ethics of Research

Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

The Biology of Sex and Gender

Emotion and Health

Hearing and Language

Vision and Visual Perception

The Body Senses and Movement

Learning and Memory

Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Psychological Disorders

Sleep and Consciousness

Filters

Local anesthetics work via _ while general anesthetics have the effect of _.