Exam 10: Immune Responses against Tumors and Transplants

The first experiments that demonstrated protective adaptive immune responses to tumors involved transplantation of chemical carcinogen-induced tumors between rodents. Which of the following facts was learned from these experiments?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which tumors evade immune responses?

Patients with which of the following disorders would be LEAST likely to develop Epstein-Barr virus-associated Burkitt's lymphoma?

A 17-year-old girl from southern China has had a sore throat and fever for 1 week. On physical examination, generalized lymphadenopathy is noted. A rapid strep test for streptococcal infection is negative and a CBC shows 20% atypical lymphocytes. A Monospot test for the presence of heterophile antibodies is positive. This illness is associated with eventual development of which of the following malignancies?

Which of the following molecules is involved in the principal mechanism by which the immune system kills tumor cells?

Injections of the mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) at the sites of tumor growth helps to activate which of the following effector immune cells?

A 56-year-old woman sees her primary care physician complaining of flank pain and hematuria and is found to have a hematocrit of 56%. She is subsequently diagnosed with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Part of the patient's management involves systemic cytokine therapy; however, the patient develops severe pulmonary edema as a result of the treatment. Which of the following cytokines was most likely used in this patient's therapy?

Class I MHC-restricted T cell responses to tumors can be demonstrated in patients with various types of tumors, yet most of these tumors do not express costimulatory molecules. Which mechanism most likely explains how naive CD8⁺ T cells specific for antigens expressed by these tumors are stimulated to differentiate into cytolytic T lymphocytes?

All of the following statements about immune responses to tumors are true EXCEPT:

A 47-year-old woman had a mastectomy because she had breast carcinoma that was previously diagnosed by biopsy. Pathologic examination revealed that several axillary lymph nodes contained metastatic tumors. A test was performed on tumor cells extracted from the mastectomy specimen, which indicated that the tumor cells overexpressed a certain cellular proto-oncogene. On the basis of this test result, the patient was treated with an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody specific for the protein encoded by that gene. Which of the following was most likely the protein target of this antibody therapy?