Exam 1: Introducing Operating Systems

Until the mid-1970s, all computers were classified by price alone.

The Intel 4004 chip in 1971 had 2,300 transistors while the Pentium II chip twenty years later had 7.5 million, and the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition processor introduced in 2004 had 178 trillion transistors.

Real-time systems are used in time-critical environments where reliability is key and data must be processed within a strict time limit.

The name for the core part of an operating system is____.

In the 1950s, only one FORTRAN program could run at a time, and then the FORTRAN compiler had to be reloaded into memory.

____ include(s) every peripheral unit in the system such as printers, disk drives, CD/DVD drives, flash memory, keyboards, and so on.

A typical ____ computer houses devices to perform audio, video, and graphic creation and editing.

The File Manager is responsible for data files but not program files.

The minicomputer of the 1970s was smaller than the microcomputer.

An operating system is a special type of hardware.

____ is the partitioning of a single server, each of which can support a different operating system.

Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____.

The overwhelming demand for ____ capability in the mid-1990s sparked the proliferation of networking capability.

The high-level portion of the Process Manager is called the Process Scheduler.

In second-generation computers, to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU, an interface called the ____ was placed between them to act as a buffer.

____ means that several logical records are grouped within one physical record.

The ____ is used to indicate that a program is permanently held in ROM (read only memory), as opposed to being held in secondary storage.

____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform.

____ introduced the need for control cards, which defined the exact nature of each program and its requirements.

When the Processor Manager receives a command, it determines whether the program must be retrieved from storage or is already in memory, and then notifies the appropriate manager.