Question 1

What can researchers do so cluster sampling is unbiased?

Accepted Answer

A)  use probability sampling to stratify the clusters 
B)  increase cluster size and number 
C)  increase sample size and stratify the clusters 
D)  decrease sample size and stratify the clusters 
A)  use probability sampling to stratify the clusters 
B)  increase cluster size and number 
C)  increase sample size and stratify the clusters 
D)  decrease sample size and stratify the clusters C

Question 2

What is the term used to describe participants starting a study but then leaving it?

Accepted Answer

A)  abandonment 
B)  drop outs 
C)  margin of error 
D)  mortality 
A)  abandonment 
B)  drop outs 
C)  margin of error 
D)  mortality D

Question 3

A researcher drawing every other individual from a list of the population being studied is using what type of sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  random number table sampling 
B)  systematic sampling 
C)  sample of convenience 
D)  a census 
A)  random number table sampling 
B)  systematic sampling 
C)  sample of convenience 
D)  a census B

Question 4

Which of the following is an effect of increasing sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  enhanced precision 
B)  elimination of bias 
C)  decreased validity 
D)  decreased reliability 
A)  enhanced precision 
B)  elimination of bias 
C)  decreased validity 
D)  decreased reliability

Question 5

What is the generally recommended sample size for qualitative studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-30 
B)  20-50 
C)  30-75 
D)  20 for psychology, 50 for sociology 
A)  10-30 
B)  20-50 
C)  30-75 
D)  20 for psychology, 50 for sociology

Question 6

What often creates bias in an Internet survey?

Accepted Answer

A)  sloppy question design 
B)  demographics of those who use the Internet 
C)  random sampling errors 
D)  all of the above 
A)  sloppy question design 
B)  demographics of those who use the Internet 
C)  random sampling errors 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of bias to account for?

Accepted Answer

A)  underrepresentation of a subgroup 
B)  volunteerism 
C)  weighting subgroups 
D)  failure to ensure population members have one and only one chance of inclusion 
A)  underrepresentation of a subgroup 
B)  volunteerism 
C)  weighting subgroups 
D)  failure to ensure population members have one and only one chance of inclusion

Question 8

Why do qualitative researchers collect demographic data?

Accepted Answer

A)  for future quantitative analysis 
B)  to correlate with specific findings 
C)  to aid in purposive sampling 
D)  to show how the sample relates to the population 
A)  for future quantitative analysis 
B)  to correlate with specific findings 
C)  to aid in purposive sampling 
D)  to show how the sample relates to the population

Question 9

What is the effect of increasing sample size on bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases bias 
B)  decreases bias 
C)  maintains whatever bias is in the selection method 
D)  decreases volunteerism bias 
A)  increases bias 
B)  decreases bias 
C)  maintains whatever bias is in the selection method 
D)  decreases volunteerism bias

Question 10

When can researchers obtain accurate results from a small sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the population being studied is heterogeneous 
B)  when the population being studied has little variability 
C)  when the sample is heterogeneous 
D)  when the sample has little variability 
A)  when the population being studied is heterogeneous 
B)  when the population being studied has little variability 
C)  when the sample is heterogeneous 
D)  when the sample has little variability

Question 11

If the demographics of a sample reveal a subgroup of the population is underrepresented, how might a researcher address the problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminate the subgroup from the study 
B)  redefine the population under study to match the demographics 
C)  weight the subgroup data to match representation in the population 
D)  adjust the research question to compensate 
A)  eliminate the subgroup from the study 
B)  redefine the population under study to match the demographics 
C)  weight the subgroup data to match representation in the population 
D)  adjust the research question to compensate

Question 12

An unbiased random sample can produce sampling errors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Why is it now a challenge to use phone numbers for drawing a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  some people only have cellphones 
B)  some people have cellphones and landlines, so could be called twice 
C)  phone numbers are now portable so area codes do not always correspond to location 
D)  all of the above 
A)  some people only have cellphones 
B)  some people have cellphones and landlines, so could be called twice 
C)  phone numbers are now portable so area codes do not always correspond to location 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  variability of the population 
B)  risk of unrepresentative sample selection 
C)  convenience 
D)  the researcher's desired precision 
A)  variability of the population 
B)  risk of unrepresentative sample selection 
C)  convenience 
D)  the researcher's desired precision

Question 15

In a research study, what is a difference between a census and a sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  a census includes every member of a population, a sample only some 
B)  a census is conducted at set time intervals, a sample can be done any time 
C)  a census is inherently less reliable than a sample 
D)  with large populations, a census is more efficient than sampling 
A)  a census includes every member of a population, a sample only some 
B)  a census is conducted at set time intervals, a sample can be done any time 
C)  a census is inherently less reliable than a sample 
D)  with large populations, a census is more efficient than sampling

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of an Internet survey?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing sample size costs virtually nothing 
B)  data exports in a spreadsheet 
C)  sampling bias is less than with a simple random sample 
D)  branching questions can change what is asked next based on answers 
A)  increasing sample size costs virtually nothing 
B)  data exports in a spreadsheet 
C)  sampling bias is less than with a simple random sample 
D)  branching questions can change what is asked next based on answers

Question 17

How long have sampling methods for research been around?

Accepted Answer

A)  since the 1940s 
B)  since 1890 
C)  since the 17th century 
D)  since before recorded history 
A)  since the 1940s 
B)  since 1890 
C)  since the 17th century 
D)  since before recorded history

Question 18

Which of the following is an unbiased research sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  a questionnaire emailed to all 18 clients of a social worker has 16 returned completed 
B)  a survey on self-care posted on a website for cancer patients gets 1,860 responses 
C)  20 first-year students are randomly selected and agree to interviews about college transition 
D)  every student in a class completes a survey about their family's socio-economic status 
A)  a questionnaire emailed to all 18 clients of a social worker has 16 returned completed 
B)  a survey on self-care posted on a website for cancer patients gets 1,860 responses 
C)  20 first-year students are randomly selected and agree to interviews about college transition 
D)  every student in a class completes a survey about their family's socio-economic status

Question 19

How might a random number table be used by researchers to select study participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  by assigning the population numbers then picking participants whose numbers are in the table 
B)  by having participants pick a number then finding it on the table 
C)  by inputting the table into a random number generator 
D)  by correlating the table numbers to social security numbers 
A)  by assigning the population numbers then picking participants whose numbers are in the table 
B)  by having participants pick a number then finding it on the table 
C)  by inputting the table into a random number generator 
D)  by correlating the table numbers to social security numbers

Question 20

What is the technical term for discussing the magnitude of sampling errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  validity 
B)  precision 
C)  reliability 
D)  amplitude 
A)  validity 
B)  precision 
C)  reliability 
D)  amplitude

What can researchers do so cluster sampling is unbiased?

What is the term used to describe participants starting a study but then leaving it?

A researcher drawing every other individual from a list of the population being studied is using what type of sampling?

Which of the following is an effect of increasing sample size?

What is the generally recommended sample size for qualitative studies?

What often creates bias in an Internet survey?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of bias to account for?

Why do qualitative researchers collect demographic data?

What is the effect of increasing sample size on bias?

When can researchers obtain accurate results from a small sample?

If the demographics of a sample reveal a subgroup of the population is underrepresented, how might a researcher address the problem?

An unbiased random sample can produce sampling errors.

Why is it now a challenge to use phone numbers for drawing a simple random sample?

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining sample size?

In a research study, what is a difference between a census and a sample?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of an Internet survey?

How long have sampling methods for research been around?

Which of the following is an unbiased research sample?

How might a random number table be used by researchers to select study participants?

What is the technical term for discussing the magnitude of sampling errors?

Introduction to Research Methods

Reviewing and Citing the Literature

Basic Concepts in Quantitative Research

Measurement

Qualitative Research Design

Designing Experimental Research

Analyzing Data: Understanding Statistics

Effect Size and Meta-Analysis

Preparing Research Reports

Filters

Exam 4: Sampling

What can researchers do so cluster sampling is unbiased?

What is the term used to describe participants starting a study but then leaving it?

A researcher drawing every other individual from a list of the population being studied is using what type of sampling?

Which of the following is an effect of increasing sample size?

What is the generally recommended sample size for qualitative studies?

What often creates bias in an Internet survey?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of bias to account for?

Why do qualitative researchers collect demographic data?

What is the effect of increasing sample size on bias?

When can researchers obtain accurate results from a small sample?

If the demographics of a sample reveal a subgroup of the population is underrepresented, how might a researcher address the problem?

An unbiased random sample can produce sampling errors.

Why is it now a challenge to use phone numbers for drawing a simple random sample?

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining sample size?

In a research study, what is a difference between a census and a sample?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of an Internet survey?

How long have sampling methods for research been around?

Which of the following is an unbiased research sample?

How might a random number table be used by researchers to select study participants?

What is the technical term for discussing the magnitude of sampling errors?

Introduction to Research Methods

Reviewing and Citing the Literature

Basic Concepts in Quantitative Research

Measurement

Qualitative Research Design

Designing Experimental Research

Analyzing Data: Understanding Statistics

Effect Size and Meta-Analysis

Preparing Research Reports

Filters