Question 1

Which of the following approaches takes a consensus view of society?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bourdieu's work on social and cultural capital 
B)  Labour market segmentation theory 
C)  Human capital theory 
D)  Split labour market theory 
E)  Queuing theory 
A)  Bourdieu's work on social and cultural capital 
B)  Labour market segmentation theory 
C)  Human capital theory 
D)  Split labour market theory 
E)  Queuing theory

Question 2

Human capital theory presents a conflict view of society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What does precarization mean for workers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Raising insecurity across jobs 
B)  Low wages and income volatility 
C)  Unsafe work 
D)  Lack of access to social protections 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Raising insecurity across jobs 
B)  Low wages and income volatility 
C)  Unsafe work 
D)  Lack of access to social protections 
E)  All of the above

Question 4

Split labour market theory suggests that individuals are split into different labour markets due to their minority status and the efforts of the majority to exclude them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Split labour market theorists argue that employers sort people on the basis of what trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  Educational credentials 
B)  Work experience 
C)  Family size 
D)  Race and ethnicity 
E)  Starting labour market segment 
A)  Educational credentials 
B)  Work experience 
C)  Family size 
D)  Race and ethnicity 
E)  Starting labour market segment

Question 6

What do we have when women predominate in nursing and daycare jobs while men predominate in truck driving and construction work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horizontal segregation 
B)  Vertical segregation 
C)  Credential inflation 
D)  Underemployment 
E)  Social closure 
A)  Horizontal segregation 
B)  Vertical segregation 
C)  Credential inflation 
D)  Underemployment 
E)  Social closure

Question 7

Vertical segregation refers to men and women performing different jobs within the same industry.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Human capital theory has been said to accurately predict which of the following trends in the labour market?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men with university education make more than women with the same education. 
B)  Returns on education are lower for the foreign-born than the Canadian born. 
C)  It is easier for some groups to attain high levels of education. 
D)  Those with higher levels of education typically have higher incomes and lower levels of unemployment. 
E)  Workers' job preferences are shifting towards flexible work schedules. 
A)  Men with university education make more than women with the same education. 
B)  Returns on education are lower for the foreign-born than the Canadian born. 
C)  It is easier for some groups to attain high levels of education. 
D)  Those with higher levels of education typically have higher incomes and lower levels of unemployment. 
E)  Workers' job preferences are shifting towards flexible work schedules.

Question 9

The greatest reduction in unionization rates in Canada is among men in the private sector.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which industries have higher rates of unemployment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Resource-related industries like forestry and mining 
B)  Finance 
C)  Healthcare services 
D)  It is balanced across industries 
E)  Unemployment does not vary by sector 
A)  Resource-related industries like forestry and mining 
B)  Finance 
C)  Healthcare services 
D)  It is balanced across industries 
E)  Unemployment does not vary by sector

Question 11

The pandemic and associated lockdowns have had a strong negative effect on employment. If you were (or know anyone) employed at the beginning of the pandemic, how was your (or their) employment affected?

Accepted Answer

At the beginning of the pandemic, I was

Question 12

Some have said that up to 4 in 10 workers in Canadian urban areas work precariously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The number of young people entering the labour market with university credentials has decreased substantially in past decades.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Social capital theorists argue that individuals from all social backgrounds can easily connect with people occupying influential positions in society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The human capital approach assumes that the labour market is one large, open arena in which everyone with similar qualifications competes on the same basis for available jobs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What do jobs in the "primary" segment of the labour market have in common with those in the "secondary" segment of the labour market?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opportunities for advancement 
B)  May be located in the same firms 
C)  Good wages 
D)  Job security 
E)  Mobility between segments 
A)  Opportunities for advancement 
B)  May be located in the same firms 
C)  Good wages 
D)  Job security 
E)  Mobility between segments

Question 17

What are some of the long-term implications of precarious work? Provide an example of non-standard precarious work.

Accepted Answer

Non-standard workers generally receive l

Question 18

Queueing theorists are only concerned with how employers' lists of desirable workers are ordered based on gender, race, and other factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Labour markets are affected by __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  social changes such as the MeToo and Black Lives Matter movements 
B)  political turmoil 
C)  environmental decline 
D)  global warming 
E)  all of the above 
A)  social changes such as the MeToo and Black Lives Matter movements 
B)  political turmoil 
C)  environmental decline 
D)  global warming 
E)  all of the above

Question 20

What is cultural capital and what is social capital? Why is the distribution unequal?

Accepted Answer

Cultural capital describes access to cul

Exam 6: Inequalities in Work and Employment

Which of the following approaches takes a consensus view of society?

Human capital theory presents a conflict view of society.

What does precarization mean for workers?

Split labour market theory suggests that individuals are split into different labour markets due to their minority status and the efforts of the majority to exclude them.

Split labour market theorists argue that employers sort people on the basis of what trait?

What do we have when women predominate in nursing and daycare jobs while men predominate in truck driving and construction work?

Vertical segregation refers to men and women performing different jobs within the same industry.

Human capital theory has been said to accurately predict which of the following trends in the labour market?

The greatest reduction in unionization rates in Canada is among men in the private sector.

Which industries have higher rates of unemployment?

The pandemic and associated lockdowns have had a strong negative effect on employment. If you were (or know anyone) employed at the beginning of the pandemic, how was your (or their) employment affected?

Some have said that up to 4 in 10 workers in Canadian urban areas work precariously.

The number of young people entering the labour market with university credentials has decreased substantially in past decades.

Social capital theorists argue that individuals from all social backgrounds can easily connect with people occupying influential positions in society.

The human capital approach assumes that the labour market is one large, open arena in which everyone with similar qualifications competes on the same basis for available jobs.

What do jobs in the "primary" segment of the labour market have in common with those in the "secondary" segment of the labour market?

What are some of the long-term implications of precarious work? Provide an example of non-standard precarious work.

Queueing theorists are only concerned with how employers' lists of desirable workers are ordered based on gender, race, and other factors.

Labour markets are affected by __________________.

What is cultural capital and what is social capital? Why is the distribution unequal?

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