Question 1

Which step is not involved in mapping economic values of ecosystem services using the value transfer method?

Accepted Answer

A)  establish a land cover typology 
B)  map land cover and associated ecosystem service values 
C)  elicit ecosystem service values perceived by the public 
D)  calculate total ecosystem service values by cover class 
A)  establish a land cover typology 
B)  map land cover and associated ecosystem service values 
C)  elicit ecosystem service values perceived by the public 
D)  calculate total ecosystem service values by cover class C

Question 2

Which of the following is a land characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  erosion hazard 
B)  water availability 
C)  soil organic matter content 
D)  conditions for ripening 
A)  erosion hazard 
B)  water availability 
C)  soil organic matter content 
D)  conditions for ripening C

Question 3

Hot spots of a landscape value refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  places having high densities of a landscape value 
B)  places having low densities of a landscape value 
C)  places having the highest rating of a landscape value by a respondent 
A)  places having high densities of a landscape value 
B)  places having low densities of a landscape value 
C)  places having the highest rating of a landscape value by a respondent A

Question 4

Land allocation scenarios can be developed using multi-criteria decision analysis in GIS by

Accepted Answer

A)  changing ratings or scores on criterion maps 
B)  changing weights of criteria 
C)  changing standardisation methods 
A)  changing ratings or scores on criterion maps 
B)  changing weights of criteria 
C)  changing standardisation methods

Question 5

The extent of a hot spot of a landscape value can be delineated by

Accepted Answer

A)  arbitrarily defining a density threshold 
B)  visually identifying a grey scale on a density map 
C)  using spatial statistics 
D)  using spatial query 
A)  arbitrarily defining a density threshold 
B)  visually identifying a grey scale on a density map 
C)  using spatial statistics 
D)  using spatial query

Question 6

Which of the following is not a step in habitat potential mapping?

Accepted Answer

A)  identifying an appropriate sampling strategy for collecting species observation data 
B)  eliciting value judgements from resource managers 
C)  selecting appropriate spatio-temporal resolutions 
D)  selecting appropriate modelling methods 
E)  selecting appropriate methods for assessment of the predictive accuracy 
A)  identifying an appropriate sampling strategy for collecting species observation data 
B)  eliciting value judgements from resource managers 
C)  selecting appropriate spatio-temporal resolutions 
D)  selecting appropriate modelling methods 
E)  selecting appropriate methods for assessment of the predictive accuracy

Question 7

GIS itself does not provide functions to

Accepted Answer

A)  georeference field observed species distribution data 
B)  combine dependent environmental data layers 
C)  predict probabilities of species distribution 
D)  derive topographic variables 
A)  georeference field observed species distribution data 
B)  combine dependent environmental data layers 
C)  predict probabilities of species distribution 
D)  derive topographic variables

Question 8

Mapping and analysing perceived landscape values can help

Accepted Answer

A)  protect privacy 
B)  promote personal values 
C)  resolve land use conflicts 
D)  satisfy individuals' preferences and desires 
A)  protect privacy 
B)  promote personal values 
C)  resolve land use conflicts 
D)  satisfy individuals' preferences and desires

Question 9

The abundance of dunlin in northern Scotland can be predicted using the following multiple regression model $\text { Abundance }=-372.1 \log (\text { NIR reflectance })-18.6(D)+748.1$ where D is the distance from pool-system edges, and NIR (near infrared) reflectance represents the scaled intensity of near infrared radiation reflected from the ground which is sensitive to ground wetness). Suppose you were provided with the NIR band of Landsat imagery and a vector data layer of pool systems covering the area, which GIS operation or sequence of GIS operations should you use to create an abundance map?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reclassify the NIR band image into a multi-class map layer, rasterise the pool systems layer and reclassify it into a multi-class map layer, and combine the reclassified multi-class maps via map algebra with the model. 
B)  Reclassify the NIR band image into a multi-class map layer, rasterise the pool systems layer and generate a proximity map using it as the input layer, reclassify the proximity map into a multi-class map layer, and combine the reclassified multi-class maps via map algebra with the model. 
C)  Reclassify the NIR band image into a multi-class map layer, generate a proximity map using the pool systems as the input layer, reclassify the proximity map into a multi-class map layer, and combine the reclassified multi-class maps via map algebra with the model. 
D)  Generate a proximity map using the pool systems layer as the input layer, and combine the proximity map and the NIR band image via map algebra with the model. 
A)  Reclassify the NIR band image into a multi-class map layer, rasterise the pool systems layer and reclassify it into a multi-class map layer, and combine the reclassified multi-class maps via map algebra with the model. 
B)  Reclassify the NIR band image into a multi-class map layer, rasterise the pool systems layer and generate a proximity map using it as the input layer, reclassify the proximity map into a multi-class map layer, and combine the reclassified multi-class maps via map algebra with the model. 
C)  Reclassify the NIR band image into a multi-class map layer, generate a proximity map using the pool systems as the input layer, reclassify the proximity map into a multi-class map layer, and combine the reclassified multi-class maps via map algebra with the model. 
D)  Generate a proximity map using the pool systems layer as the input layer, and combine the proximity map and the NIR band image via map algebra with the model.

Question 10

Density mapping creates a surface from discrete objects, on which the value at a point is

Accepted Answer

A)  the interpolated value of the discrete objects at that point 
B)  the number of the discrete objects at that point 
C)  the ratio of the sum of the values of the discrete objects in the specified neighbourhood of that point to the area of the neighbourhood 
D)  the ratio of the number of the discrete objects in the specified neighbourhood of that point to the area of the neighbourhood 
A)  the interpolated value of the discrete objects at that point 
B)  the number of the discrete objects at that point 
C)  the ratio of the sum of the values of the discrete objects in the specified neighbourhood of that point to the area of the neighbourhood 
D)  the ratio of the number of the discrete objects in the specified neighbourhood of that point to the area of the neighbourhood

Question 11

Density mapping in values suitability analysis is to

Accepted Answer

A)  show varying densities of population 
B)  show varying densities of significant places 
C)  show varying intensities of landscape values 
D)  show varying intensities of land use 
A)  show varying densities of population 
B)  show varying densities of significant places 
C)  show varying intensities of landscape values 
D)  show varying intensities of land use

Question 12

Before collecting data for habitat potential mapping, the potential habitat preferences of target species need to be inferred based on

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific literature or experts' knowledge 
B)  common sense 
C)  statistics 
D)  simulation modelling results 
A)  scientific literature or experts' knowledge 
B)  common sense 
C)  statistics 
D)  simulation modelling results

Question 13

A land mapping unit in a land suitability assessment is a mapped area defined in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  administration boundary 
B)  land uses 
C)  arbitrary areal units 
D)  variation in soils, or soils and landforms 
A)  administration boundary 
B)  land uses 
C)  arbitrary areal units 
D)  variation in soils, or soils and landforms

Question 14

It is believed that a rare tree species is distributed in the regions with an altitude from 1100 to 1500m and on southeast facing slopes of 10-20 degrees. Which of the following is the right sequence of GIS operations for mapping the habitat potential of the species with the environmental envelope approach? (Suppose you were provided with DEM, slope and aspect raster layers.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Reclassify the DEM, slope and aspect layers into multi-class maps respectively (with 1100-1500m as one of the classes on the reclassified DEM layer, southeast as one of the classes on the reclassified aspect layer and 10-20 degrees as one of the classes on the reclassified slope layer), and then overlay the three multi-class maps with the arithmetic operator 'Multiply'. 
B)  Reclassify the DEM, slope and aspect layers into multi-class maps respectively (with 1100-1500m as one of the classes on the reclassified DEM layer, southeast as one of the classes on the reclassified aspect layer and 10-20 degrees as one of the classes on the reclassified slope layer), and then overlay the three multi-class maps with the logic operator 'AND'. 
C)  Reclassify the DEM, slope and aspect layers into binary maps respectively (with 1100-1500m as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified DEM layer, southeast as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified aspect layer and 10-20 degrees as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified slope layer), and then overlay the three binary maps with the logic operator 'AND' . 
D)  Reclassify the DEM, slope and aspect layers into binary maps respectively (with 1100-1500m as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified DEM layer, southeast as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified aspect layer and 10-20 degrees as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified slope layer), and then overlay the three binary maps with the logic operator 'OR'. 
A)  Reclassify the DEM, slope and aspect layers into multi-class maps respectively (with 1100-1500m as one of the classes on the reclassified DEM layer, southeast as one of the classes on the reclassified aspect layer and 10-20 degrees as one of the classes on the reclassified slope layer), and then overlay the three multi-class maps with the arithmetic operator 'Multiply'. 
B)  Reclassify the DEM, slope and aspect layers into multi-class maps respectively (with 1100-1500m as one of the classes on the reclassified DEM layer, southeast as one of the classes on the reclassified aspect layer and 10-20 degrees as one of the classes on the reclassified slope layer), and then overlay the three multi-class maps with the logic operator 'AND'. 
C)  Reclassify the DEM, slope and aspect layers into binary maps respectively (with 1100-1500m as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified DEM layer, southeast as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified aspect layer and 10-20 degrees as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified slope layer), and then overlay the three binary maps with the logic operator 'AND' . 
D)  Reclassify the DEM, slope and aspect layers into binary maps respectively (with 1100-1500m as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified DEM layer, southeast as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified aspect layer and 10-20 degrees as 1 and others as 0 on the reclassified slope layer), and then overlay the three binary maps with the logic operator 'OR'.

Question 15

Values suitability analysis involves

Accepted Answer

A)  interviews or questionnaire surveys 
B)  value mapping 
C)  density mapping 
D)  all of the above 
A)  interviews or questionnaire surveys 
B)  value mapping 
C)  density mapping 
D)  all of the above

Question 16

Participatory assessment in values suitability analysis is to elicit

Accepted Answer

A)  values people associate with their land properties 
B)  values people associate with the places 
C)  values people associate with their work 
D)  values people associate with their activities 
A)  values people associate with their land properties 
B)  values people associate with the places 
C)  values people associate with their work 
D)  values people associate with their activities

Which step is not involved in mapping economic values of ecosystem services using the value transfer method?

Which of the following is a land characteristic?

Hot spots of a landscape value refer to

Land allocation scenarios can be developed using multi-criteria decision analysis in GIS by

The extent of a hot spot of a landscape value can be delineated by

Which of the following is not a step in habitat potential mapping?

GIS itself does not provide functions to

Mapping and analysing perceived landscape values can help

Density mapping creates a surface from discrete objects, on which the value at a point is

Density mapping in values suitability analysis is to

Before collecting data for habitat potential mapping, the potential habitat preferences of target species need to be inferred based on

A land mapping unit in a land suitability assessment is a mapped area defined in terms of

Values suitability analysis involves

Participatory assessment in values suitability analysis is to elicit

GIS Overview

Spatial Data and Data Management

Spatial Data Input and Manipulation

Spatial Analysis

Spatial Data Exploration With Statistics

Remote Sensing Data Analysis

Terrain Analysis

Spatial Visualisation

Spatial Modeling and Decision Analysis

Filters

Exam 10: Environmental Applications of GIS

Which step is not involved in mapping economic values of ecosystem services using the value transfer method?

Which of the following is a land characteristic?

Hot spots of a landscape value refer to

Land allocation scenarios can be developed using multi-criteria decision analysis in GIS by

The extent of a hot spot of a landscape value can be delineated by

Which of the following is not a step in habitat potential mapping?

GIS itself does not provide functions to

Mapping and analysing perceived landscape values can help

Density mapping creates a surface from discrete objects, on which the value at a point is

Density mapping in values suitability analysis is to

Before collecting data for habitat potential mapping, the potential habitat preferences of target species need to be inferred based on

A land mapping unit in a land suitability assessment is a mapped area defined in terms of

Values suitability analysis involves

Participatory assessment in values suitability analysis is to elicit

GIS Overview

Spatial Data and Data Management

Spatial Data Input and Manipulation

Spatial Analysis

Spatial Data Exploration With Statistics

Remote Sensing Data Analysis

Terrain Analysis

Spatial Visualisation

Spatial Modeling and Decision Analysis

Filters