Question 1

Common food sources of fructans are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) strawberries, apples, and citrus fruits 
B) whole grains 
C) chicory, onions, and Jerusalem artichokes 
D) legumes 
A) strawberries, apples, and citrus fruits 
B) whole grains 
C) chicory, onions, and Jerusalem artichokes 
D) legumes C

Question 2

Most fibers are strongly ____.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophobic 
B) allosteric 
C) hydromorphic 
D) hydrophilic 
A) hydrophobic 
B) allosteric 
C) hydromorphic 
D) hydrophilic D

Question 3

Which component of cereals contains the most fiber?

Accepted Answer

A) germ layer 
B) endosperm 
C) husk 
D) bran 
A) germ layer 
B) endosperm 
C) husk 
D) bran D

Question 4

Which of the following is a polysaccharide made of glucose and sorbitol?

Accepted Answer

A) chitosan 
B) psyllium 
C) inulin 
D) polydextrose 
A) chitosan 
B) psyllium 
C) inulin 
D) polydextrose

Question 5

β-glucans are found in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) oat products and barley 
B) citrus fruits, strawberries, and apples 
C) chicory, asparagus, and onions 
D) bran, nuts, and legumes 
A) oat products and barley 
B) citrus fruits, strawberries, and apples 
C) chicory, asparagus, and onions 
D) bran, nuts, and legumes

Question 6

High-fiber diets will raise blood glucose levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is a water-soluble,gel-forming fiber that functions in the plant as intracellular cement and that is used commercially to make jellies and to provide fiber in enteral formulas?

Accepted Answer

A) lignin 
B) gum 
C) pectin 
D) cellulose 
A) lignin 
B) gum 
C) pectin 
D) cellulose

Question 8

Which scenario is NOT a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

A) increased glucose absorption 
B) delayed gastric emptying 
C) increased bile acid excretion 
D) increased fecal bulk 
A) increased glucose absorption 
B) delayed gastric emptying 
C) increased bile acid excretion 
D) increased fecal bulk

Question 9

Functional fiber is currently defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in plants 
B) carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted or manufactured; and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans 
C) all dietary fiber 
D) the same as crude fiber 
A) carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in plants 
B) carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes; have been isolated, extracted or manufactured; and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans 
C) all dietary fiber 
D) the same as crude fiber

Question 10

Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower serum lipid concentrations?

Accepted Answer

A) barley β-glucan and methylcellulose 
B) wheat dextrin 
C) pectin 
D) guar gum 
A) barley β-glucan and methylcellulose 
B) wheat dextrin 
C) pectin 
D) guar gum

Question 11

By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) by increasing growth of bacteria that use the lipids 
B) by lowering blood cholesterol 
C) by adsorbing/interacting with lipids 
D) by reducing mineral absorption 
A) by increasing growth of bacteria that use the lipids 
B) by lowering blood cholesterol 
C) by adsorbing/interacting with lipids 
D) by reducing mineral absorption

Question 12

Match the fiber with an appropriate description.
-hemicellulose

Accepted Answer

A) The main noncarbohydrate component of fiber and a three-dimensional polymer of phenol.Found in carrots,berries,and wheat,and insoluble in water. 
B) A hydrocolloid composed of sugar and sugar derivatives commonly used as a food additive that is secreted from plant injuries or can also be found in oats,barley,and legumes. 
C) A long linear polymer that provides structure to the cell wall.Found in bran,legumes,root vegetables,and apples. 
D) Contains a number of sugars in its backbone and side chains.Some are water soluble and some are insoluble; found in bran and whole grains. 
E) A group of polysaccharides with galacturonic acid as a primary constituent.It is soluble and gel forming; plentiful in many fruits. 
A) The main noncarbohydrate component of fiber and a three-dimensional polymer of phenol.Found in carrots,berries,and wheat,and insoluble in water. 
B) A hydrocolloid composed of sugar and sugar derivatives commonly used as a food additive that is secreted from plant injuries or can also be found in oats,barley,and legumes. 
C) A long linear polymer that provides structure to the cell wall.Found in bran,legumes,root vegetables,and apples. 
D) Contains a number of sugars in its backbone and side chains.Some are water soluble and some are insoluble; found in bran and whole grains. 
E) A group of polysaccharides with galacturonic acid as a primary constituent.It is soluble and gel forming; plentiful in many fruits.

Question 13

Hemicelluloses with acids in their side chains are more soluble in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) acids 
B) water 
C) oils 
D) alcohols 
A) acids 
B) water 
C) oils 
D) alcohols

Question 14

Viscous gel-forming fibers may contribute to satiety by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) elevating serum glucose levels 
B) elevating glucagon levels 
C) slowing gastric emptying 
D) reducing hydrochloric acid in the stomach 
A) elevating serum glucose levels 
B) elevating glucagon levels 
C) slowing gastric emptying 
D) reducing hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Question 15

Consistent evidence shows that soluble fibers can lower the levels of cholesterol in many people with high serum cholesterol.Discuss the three mechanisms by which fibers are proposed to lower serum cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

​Grading rubric - answer should include

Question 16

Match the fiber with an appropriate description.
-lignin

Accepted Answer

A) The main noncarbohydrate component of fiber and a three-dimensional polymer of phenol.Found in carrots,berries,and wheat,and insoluble in water. 
B) A hydrocolloid composed of sugar and sugar derivatives commonly used as a food additive that is secreted from plant injuries or can also be found in oats,barley,and legumes. 
C) A long linear polymer that provides structure to the cell wall.Found in bran,legumes,root vegetables,and apples. 
D) Contains a number of sugars in its backbone and side chains.Some are water soluble and some are insoluble; found in bran and whole grains. 
E) A group of polysaccharides with galacturonic acid as a primary constituent.It is soluble and gel forming; plentiful in many fruits. 
A) The main noncarbohydrate component of fiber and a three-dimensional polymer of phenol.Found in carrots,berries,and wheat,and insoluble in water. 
B) A hydrocolloid composed of sugar and sugar derivatives commonly used as a food additive that is secreted from plant injuries or can also be found in oats,barley,and legumes. 
C) A long linear polymer that provides structure to the cell wall.Found in bran,legumes,root vegetables,and apples. 
D) Contains a number of sugars in its backbone and side chains.Some are water soluble and some are insoluble; found in bran and whole grains. 
E) A group of polysaccharides with galacturonic acid as a primary constituent.It is soluble and gel forming; plentiful in many fruits.

Question 17

What associations have been found between high fiber intake and obesity? What mechanisms may be at work? How clear/consistent is the evidence?

Accepted Answer

​Grading rubric - answer should include

Question 18

Fiber fermentation in the colon may change glycogen catabolism due to the production of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) long-chain fatty acids 
B) chitosan 
C) oligosaccharides 
D) short-chain fatty acids 
A) long-chain fatty acids 
B) chitosan 
C) oligosaccharides 
D) short-chain fatty acids

Question 19

An example of an RS1 starch is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) unripe bananas 
B) whole grains and seeds 
C) avocados 
D) corn-based products 
A) unripe bananas 
B) whole grains and seeds 
C) avocados 
D) corn-based products

Question 20

Which of the following fibers stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria and thus are considered prebiotics?

Accepted Answer

A) lignins 
B) fructans 
C) β-glucans 
D) cellulose 
A) lignins 
B) fructans 
C) β-glucans 
D) cellulose

Common food sources of fructans are ____.

Most fibers are strongly ____.

Which component of cereals contains the most fiber?

Which of the following is a polysaccharide made of glucose and sorbitol?

β-glucans are found in ____.

High-fiber diets will raise blood glucose levels.

What is a water-soluble,gel-forming fiber that functions in the plant as intracellular cement and that is used commercially to make jellies and to provide fiber in enteral formulas?

Which scenario is NOT a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?

Functional fiber is currently defined as ____.

Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower serum lipid concentrations?

By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids?

Match the fiber with an appropriate description. -hemicellulose

Hemicelluloses with acids in their side chains are more soluble in ____.

Viscous gel-forming fibers may contribute to satiety by ____.

Consistent evidence shows that soluble fibers can lower the levels of cholesterol in many people with high serum cholesterol.Discuss the three mechanisms by which fibers are proposed to lower serum cholesterol.

Match the fiber with an appropriate description. -lignin

What associations have been found between high fiber intake and obesity? What mechanisms may be at work? How clear/consistent is the evidence?

Fiber fermentation in the colon may change glycogen catabolism due to the production of ____.

An example of an RS₁ starch is ____.

Which of the following fibers stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria and thus are considered prebiotics?

The Cell: A Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise

Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Exam 4: Fiber

Common food sources of fructans are ____.

Most fibers are strongly ____.

Which component of cereals contains the most fiber?

Which of the following is a polysaccharide made of glucose and sorbitol?

β-glucans are found in ____.

High-fiber diets will raise blood glucose levels.

What is a water-soluble,gel-forming fiber that functions in the plant as intracellular cement and that is used commercially to make jellies and to provide fiber in enteral formulas?

Which scenario is NOT a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?

Functional fiber is currently defined as ____.

Which source of fiber would be the best to add to one's diet in order to lower serum lipid concentrations?

By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids?

Match the fiber with an appropriate description. -hemicellulose

Hemicelluloses with acids in their side chains are more soluble in ____.

Viscous gel-forming fibers may contribute to satiety by ____.

Consistent evidence shows that soluble fibers can lower the levels of cholesterol in many people with high serum cholesterol.Discuss the three mechanisms by which fibers are proposed to lower serum cholesterol.

Match the fiber with an appropriate description. -lignin

What associations have been found between high fiber intake and obesity? What mechanisms may be at work? How clear/consistent is the evidence?

Fiber fermentation in the colon may change glycogen catabolism due to the production of ____.

An example of an RS1 starch is ____.

Which of the following fibers stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria and thus are considered prebiotics?

The Cell: A Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise

Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

An example of an RS₁ starch is ____.