Chat with AIExam 19: Introduction to the Immune System
How does the immune system distinguish self from nonself?
(37) 
VerifiedThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC), also called a human leukocyte antigen (HLA), marks cells in the body as self. Anything that is not marked as such is seen as nonself. When the immune system senses a substance as nonself, it then activates mechanisms to destroy the foreign substance (saliva, tears, gastric juices, etc.).
Cellular immunity is characterized by this type of and fights bacteria, cancer, and some allergies.
(31) VerifiedA
How do bacteria and viruses differ from each other?
(39) VerifiedA. Bacteria are organisms capable of living and reproducing on their own. Some can be harmless and actually beneficial such as those that are found in the healthy intestines of humans or in yogurt. Bacteria that cause diseases are called pathogens, which harm the body by attacking tissues directly or by producing poisonous substances called toxins.
B. Viruses are unable to survive or reproduce without invading another cell. Viruses enter a living host cell and use the reproductive capacity of that cell for its own replication. Usually the body recognizes when a virus is present and activates the immune system to attack and destroy in. Some type of viruses, when not destroyed, can remain inactive in the body for long periods of time without causing any problems; however, they remain integrated within the genetic material of the cell and are capable of replicating when triggered to do. An example of this is the varicella zoster virus that causes chickenpox in children, but can cause herpes zoster in adults.
What element of the immune system is often removed if it frequently becomes infected?
(29) What is the internal line of defense that filters blood and helps to destroy microorganisms?
(36) What is the term when the immune system fails to recognize the individual's own cells and attacks them as nonself cells?
(35) The immune system is a complex organization of specialized cells and structure with defenses to help protect the body against foreign substances, which are also known as:
(33) The reactions of the immune system to antigens are collectively known as the:
(40) What is not a barrier that contains substances to help fight off foreign substances from impacting the body?
(39) This type of lymphocyte matures in the bone marrow and migrates to lymphoid tissue.
(36) There are two categories of white blood cells. List these two types and examples of each.
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