Question 1

One way of understanding perceptual development is to think of it as a built-in tendency to seek

Accepted Answer

A)  risk. 
B)  novelty. 
C)  order. 
D)  change. 
A)  risk. 
B)  novelty. 
C)  order. 
D)  change. C

Question 2

Researchers using Gibson and Walk's visual cliff found that

Accepted Answer

A)  depth perception first appears after babies begin to walk. 
B)  most babies avoided the deep side of the cliff. 
C)  most babies avoided the shallow side of the cliff. 
D)  depth perception first appears after babies begin to crawl. 
A)  depth perception first appears after babies begin to walk. 
B)  most babies avoided the deep side of the cliff. 
C)  most babies avoided the shallow side of the cliff. 
D)  depth perception first appears after babies begin to crawl. B

Question 3

Describe the sex differences in body growth.

Accepted Answer

In infancy, girls are slightly shorter and lighter than boys, with a higher ratio of fat to muscle. These small sex differences persist throughout early and middle childhood and are greatly magnified at adolescence. But body size is not enough to tell us how quickly a child's physical growth is moving along. The best estimate of a child's physical maturity is skeletal age, a measure of bone development. When skeletal ages are examined, girls are considerably ahead of boys. At birth, the sexes differ by about 4 to 6 weeks, a gap that widens over infancy and childhood. Girls are advanced in development of other organs as well. This greater physical maturity may contribute to girls' greater resistance to harmful environmental influences.

Question 4

Which of the following was a result of recent policy changes by the U.S. Special Supplemental Nutritional Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)?

Accepted Answer

A)  a lengthening of the duration of breastfeeding 
B)  a decrease in enrollment in the fully breastfeeding option 
C)  an increase in enrollment in the formula-only package option 
D)  a decrease in funding for breastfeeding counseling for new mothers 
A)  a lengthening of the duration of breastfeeding 
B)  a decrease in enrollment in the fully breastfeeding option 
C)  an increase in enrollment in the formula-only package option 
D)  a decrease in funding for breastfeeding counseling for new mothers

Question 5

Lana understands that an object's shape is the same whether she sees it or touches it, that the pattern of footsteps signals the approach of a person, and that breaking a glass causes a sharp, crashing sound. This understanding is called

Accepted Answer

A)  amodal stability. 
B)  differentiation. 
C)  intermodal perception. 
D)  intersensory acuity. 
A)  amodal stability. 
B)  differentiation. 
C)  intermodal perception. 
D)  intersensory acuity.

Question 6

The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are the __________ lobes.

Accepted Answer

A)  occipital 
B)  frontal 
C)  temporal 
D)  parietal 
A)  occipital 
B)  frontal 
C)  temporal 
D)  parietal

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding breastfeeding is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breastfeeding should be combined with formula for a balanced diet. 
B)  Breastfeeding helps increase spacing among siblings. 
C)  Breastfeeding has become less common in industrialized nations. 
D)  Breastfeeding is a reliable method of birth control. 
A)  Breastfeeding should be combined with formula for a balanced diet. 
B)  Breastfeeding helps increase spacing among siblings. 
C)  Breastfeeding has become less common in industrialized nations. 
D)  Breastfeeding is a reliable method of birth control.

Question 8

Studies using fMRI reveal that the right hemisphere is specialized for processing information in a(n) __________ manner.

Accepted Answer

A)  sequential 
B)  analytical 
C)  piece-by-piece 
D)  holistic, integrative 
A)  sequential 
B)  analytical 
C)  piece-by-piece 
D)  holistic, integrative

Question 9

For most people, the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is largely responsible for

Accepted Answer

A)  judging distances. 
B)  negative emotion. 
C)  verbal abilities. 
D)  recognizing geometric shapes. 
A)  judging distances. 
B)  negative emotion. 
C)  verbal abilities. 
D)  recognizing geometric shapes.

Question 10

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age __________, with solid foods added at __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 months; 4 months 
B)  6 months; 6 months 
C)  1 year; 4 months 
D)  2 years; 6 months 
A)  3 months; 4 months 
B)  6 months; 6 months 
C)  1 year; 4 months 
D)  2 years; 6 months

Question 11

One possible explanation for the high frequency of bedtime struggles in Western homes is that children

Accepted Answer

A)  are much more dependent than children from other cultures. 
B)  are expected to sleep for more hours than children from other cultures. 
C)  often eat late in the evening, which interferes with sleep. 
D)  may feel stressed when they must fall asleep without assistance. 
A)  are much more dependent than children from other cultures. 
B)  are expected to sleep for more hours than children from other cultures. 
C)  often eat late in the evening, which interferes with sleep. 
D)  may feel stressed when they must fall asleep without assistance.

Question 12

Habituation research reveals that size and shape constancy are present as early as

Accepted Answer

A)  the first week of life. 
B)  3 months of age. 
C)  6 months of age. 
D)  1 year of age. 
A)  the first week of life. 
B)  3 months of age. 
C)  6 months of age. 
D)  1 year of age.

Question 13

Damon is injected with a radioactive substance and then lies on an apparatus with a scanner that emits fine streams of X-rays, which detect increased blood flow and oxygen metabolism in areas of the brain as Damon processes particular stimuli. Damon's brain functioning is being measured using

Accepted Answer

A)  an electroencephalogram (EEG). 
B)  event-related potentials (ERPs). 
C)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 
D)  position emission tomography (PET). 
A)  an electroencephalogram (EEG). 
B)  event-related potentials (ERPs). 
C)  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 
D)  position emission tomography (PET).

Question 14

A study of children who were transferred between birth and 3½ years from extremely deprived Romanian orphanages to adoptive families in Great Britain found that

Accepted Answer

A)  the longer the children spent in orphanage care, the higher their mental test scores during middle childhood and adolescence. 
B)  most children were impaired in all domains of development, but those who were adopted before 6 months of age showed impressive cognitive catch-up. 
C)  children who experienced adequate early nutrition were not negatively affected by early orphanage rearing. 
D)  serious mental health problems only appeared in those children who spent more than 2 years in an orphanage. 
A)  the longer the children spent in orphanage care, the higher their mental test scores during middle childhood and adolescence. 
B)  most children were impaired in all domains of development, but those who were adopted before 6 months of age showed impressive cognitive catch-up. 
C)  children who experienced adequate early nutrition were not negatively affected by early orphanage rearing. 
D)  serious mental health problems only appeared in those children who spent more than 2 years in an orphanage.

Question 15

__________ arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the visual field.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pictorial depth cues 
B)  Dimensions 
C)  Binocular depth cues 
D)  Receding lines 
A)  Pictorial depth cues 
B)  Dimensions 
C)  Binocular depth cues 
D)  Receding lines

Question 16

Neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  store and transmit information. 
B)  are tightly packed together. 
C)  do not directly connect with each other. 
D)  that are stimulated too soon lose their synapses. 
A)  store and transmit information. 
B)  are tightly packed together. 
C)  do not directly connect with each other. 
D)  that are stimulated too soon lose their synapses.

Question 17

In classical conditioning, if learning occurs, the neutral stimulus is then called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  neutral response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned response. 
A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  neutral response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 18

Compared to their U.S. agemates, Dutch babies

Accepted Answer

A)  are put to bed later. 
B)  sleep, on average, 2 hours less per day. 
C)  sleep, on average, 2 hours more per day. 
D)  have less predictable sleep schedules. 
A)  are put to bed later. 
B)  sleep, on average, 2 hours less per day. 
C)  sleep, on average, 2 hours more per day. 
D)  have less predictable sleep schedules.

Question 19

Ariana showed signs of growth faltering. An observant nurse intervened early, helping Ariana's parents with their own life challenges, encouraging sensitive caregiving, and coaching the family through Ariana's feeding problems. Ariana will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  remain small. 
B)  show lasting cognitive difficulties. 
C)  show quick catch-up growth. 
D)  show lasting emotional difficulties. 
A)  remain small. 
B)  show lasting cognitive difficulties. 
C)  show quick catch-up growth. 
D)  show lasting emotional difficulties.

Question 20

__________ percent of infants' total caloric intake is devoted to growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ten 
B)  Fifteen 
C)  Twenty-five 
D)  Forty 
A)  Ten 
B)  Fifteen 
C)  Twenty-five 
D)  Forty

One way of understanding perceptual development is to think of it as a built-in tendency to seek

Researchers using Gibson and Walk's visual cliff found that

Describe the sex differences in body growth.

Which of the following was a result of recent policy changes by the U.S. Special Supplemental Nutritional Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)?

Lana understands that an object's shape is the same whether she sees it or touches it, that the pattern of footsteps signals the approach of a person, and that breaking a glass causes a sharp, crashing sound. This understanding is called

The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are the __________ lobes.

Which of the following statements regarding breastfeeding is true?

Studies using fMRI reveal that the right hemisphere is specialized for processing information in a(n) __________ manner.

For most people, the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is largely responsible for

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age , with solid foods added at .

One possible explanation for the high frequency of bedtime struggles in Western homes is that children

Habituation research reveals that size and shape constancy are present as early as

Damon is injected with a radioactive substance and then lies on an apparatus with a scanner that emits fine streams of X-rays, which detect increased blood flow and oxygen metabolism in areas of the brain as Damon processes particular stimuli. Damon's brain functioning is being measured using

A study of children who were transferred between birth and 3½ years from extremely deprived Romanian orphanages to adoptive families in Great Britain found that

__________ arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the visual field.

Neurons

In classical conditioning, if learning occurs, the neutral stimulus is then called a(n)

Compared to their U.S. agemates, Dutch babies

Ariana showed signs of growth faltering. An observant nurse intervened early, helping Ariana's parents with their own life challenges, encouraging sensitive caregiving, and coaching the family through Ariana's feeding problems. Ariana will probably

__________ percent of infants' total caloric intake is devoted to growth.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 5: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

One way of understanding perceptual development is to think of it as a built-in tendency to seek

Researchers using Gibson and Walk's visual cliff found that

Describe the sex differences in body growth.

Which of the following was a result of recent policy changes by the U.S. Special Supplemental Nutritional Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)?

Lana understands that an object's shape is the same whether she sees it or touches it, that the pattern of footsteps signals the approach of a person, and that breaking a glass causes a sharp, crashing sound. This understanding is called

The cortical regions with the most extended period of development are the __________ lobes.

Which of the following statements regarding breastfeeding is true?

Studies using fMRI reveal that the right hemisphere is specialized for processing information in a(n) __________ manner.

For most people, the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is largely responsible for

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age __________, with solid foods added at __________.

One possible explanation for the high frequency of bedtime struggles in Western homes is that children

Habituation research reveals that size and shape constancy are present as early as

Damon is injected with a radioactive substance and then lies on an apparatus with a scanner that emits fine streams of X-rays, which detect increased blood flow and oxygen metabolism in areas of the brain as Damon processes particular stimuli. Damon's brain functioning is being measured using

A study of children who were transferred between birth and 3½ years from extremely deprived Romanian orphanages to adoptive families in Great Britain found that

__________ arise because our two eyes have slightly different views of the visual field.

Neurons

In classical conditioning, if learning occurs, the neutral stimulus is then called a(n)

Compared to their U.S. agemates, Dutch babies

Ariana showed signs of growth faltering. An observant nurse intervened early, helping Ariana's parents with their own life challenges, encouraging sensitive caregiving, and coaching the family through Ariana's feeding problems. Ariana will probably

__________ percent of infants' total caloric intake is devoted to growth.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age , with solid foods added at .