Question 1

Pruning and reorganization of brain circuits lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased capacity for inhibition. 
B)  increased incidences of seizures. 
C)  poorer sustained attention. 
D)  gains in working-memory capacity. 
A)  decreased capacity for inhibition. 
B)  increased incidences of seizures. 
C)  poorer sustained attention. 
D)  gains in working-memory capacity. D

Question 2

Secretions of particular __________ are related to social and emotional adjustment.

Accepted Answer

A)  gray matter 
B)  neurotransmitters 
C)  synapses 
D)  growth hormones 
A)  gray matter 
B)  neurotransmitters 
C)  synapses 
D)  growth hormones B

Question 3

Compared with preschoolers, school-age children are

Accepted Answer

A)  physically less pliable. 
B)  physically more elastic. 
C)  more agile, but less able to balance. 
D)  stronger, but less agile. 
A)  physically less pliable. 
B)  physically more elastic. 
C)  more agile, but less able to balance. 
D)  stronger, but less agile. B

Question 4

In terms of growth norms, which of the following children is most likely to be the shortest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shane, who is from Australia 
B)  Rosa, who is from Colombia 
C)  Daryl, who is from Canada 
D)  Alice, who is from the United Kingdom 
A)  Shane, who is from Australia 
B)  Rosa, who is from Colombia 
C)  Daryl, who is from Canada 
D)  Alice, who is from the United Kingdom

Question 5

The most effective interventions for childhood obesity are

Accepted Answer

A)  family-based and focus on changing behaviors. 
B)  crash diets that are high in fiber and low in carbohydrates. 
C)  school-based programs that focus on physical activity. 
D)  sports that emphasize individual competition. 
A)  family-based and focus on changing behaviors. 
B)  crash diets that are high in fiber and low in carbohydrates. 
C)  school-based programs that focus on physical activity. 
D)  sports that emphasize individual competition.

Question 6

Overweight children

Accepted Answer

A)  are at low risk for emotional problems. 
B)  are likely to have overweight parents. 
C)  decide when to eat on the basis of hunger. 
D)  spend very few hours watching television. 
A)  are at low risk for emotional problems. 
B)  are likely to have overweight parents. 
C)  decide when to eat on the basis of hunger. 
D)  spend very few hours watching television.

Question 7

Danica, age 9, executes difficult tumbling routines. Since she started gymnastics at age 4, Danica has become more pliable and elastic. This means that Danica has improved

Accepted Answer

A)  agility. 
B)  flexibility. 
C)  balance. 
D)  force. 
A)  agility. 
B)  flexibility. 
C)  balance. 
D)  force.

Question 8

Children experience a somewhat higher rate of illness during the first two years of elementary school than later, because of

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to sick children and a immune system that is still developing. 
B)  a lack of immunizations required for school entry. 
C)  poor hygiene and a lack of preventative measures in schools. 
D)  increased contact with unfamiliar foods in school lunches. 
A)  exposure to sick children and a immune system that is still developing. 
B)  a lack of immunizations required for school entry. 
C)  poor hygiene and a lack of preventative measures in schools. 
D)  increased contact with unfamiliar foods in school lunches.

Question 9

Between ages of 6 and 12,

Accepted Answer

A)  liagments become firmly attached to bones. 
B)  the bones of the body shorten and narrow. 
C)  all 20 primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones. 
D)  primary teeth are gradually lost, starting with the molars. 
A)  liagments become firmly attached to bones. 
B)  the bones of the body shorten and narrow. 
C)  all 20 primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones. 
D)  primary teeth are gradually lost, starting with the molars.

Question 10

Research shows that children are more physically active during __________ than __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gym class; recess 
B)  field trips; gym class 
C)  classroom time; recess 
D)  recess; gym class 
A)  gym class; recess 
B)  field trips; gym class 
C)  classroom time; recess 
D)  recess; gym class

Question 11

Which of the following statements about physical activity in U.S. schools is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only six U.S. states require 45 minutes of physical education per day through the high school years. 
B)  More than two-thirds of school-age children do not attend any physical education classes during a typical school week. 
C)  Most U.S. states require some physical education in every grade. 
D)  Only one state mandates at least 30 minutes of physical education per day in elementary school. 
A)  Only six U.S. states require 45 minutes of physical education per day through the high school years. 
B)  More than two-thirds of school-age children do not attend any physical education classes during a typical school week. 
C)  Most U.S. states require some physical education in every grade. 
D)  Only one state mandates at least 30 minutes of physical education per day in elementary school.

Question 12

Most children need help with __________ until about 9 years of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  tooth brushing 
B)  flossing 
C)  properly using mouthwash 
D)  rinsing after tooth brushing 
A)  tooth brushing 
B)  flossing 
C)  properly using mouthwash 
D)  rinsing after tooth brushing

Question 13

On average, the dramatic adolescent growth spurt occurs __________ earlier in girls than in boys

Accepted Answer

A)  6 months 
B)  1 year 
C)  18 months 
D)  2 years 
A)  6 months 
B)  1 year 
C)  18 months 
D)  2 years

Question 14

Parents

Accepted Answer

A)  often underestimate children's safety knowledge. 
B)  often underestimate children's physical abilities. 
C)  have little influence on children's safety knowledge. 
D)  must be educated about children's age-related safety capabilities. 
A)  often underestimate children's safety knowledge. 
B)  often underestimate children's physical abilities. 
C)  have little influence on children's safety knowledge. 
D)  must be educated about children's age-related safety capabilities.

Question 15

At age 6, Ofelia probably

Accepted Answer

A)  can print the alphabet and numbers 1 through 10 with reasonable clarity. 
B)  will learn to write lowercase letters before uppercase letters. 
C)  can learn to write in cursive as easily as printing. 
D)  cannot yet integrate two-dimensional shapes into her drawings. 
A)  can print the alphabet and numbers 1 through 10 with reasonable clarity. 
B)  will learn to write lowercase letters before uppercase letters. 
C)  can learn to write in cursive as easily as printing. 
D)  cannot yet integrate two-dimensional shapes into her drawings.

Question 16

Once school-age children establish a dominance hierarchy,

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression increases. 
B)  rough-and-tumble play decreases. 
C)  hostility is rare. 
D)  cheating is common. 
A)  aggression increases. 
B)  rough-and-tumble play decreases. 
C)  hostility is rare. 
D)  cheating is common.

Question 17

In developing countries, rates of obesity have risen as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  misinformation about good nutrition. 
B)  diets low in meats and energy-dense refined foods. 
C)  an urbanized shift toward sedentary lifestyles. 
D)  the positive side effects of increased contact with industrialized nations. 
A)  misinformation about good nutrition. 
B)  diets low in meats and energy-dense refined foods. 
C)  an urbanized shift toward sedentary lifestyles. 
D)  the positive side effects of increased contact with industrialized nations.

Question 18

As many as 20 percent of low-SES children develop __________ as a result of repeated middle ear infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  cancer 
B)  otitis media 
C)  some hearing loss 
D)  minor brain damage 
A)  cancer 
B)  otitis media 
C)  some hearing loss 
D)  minor brain damage

Question 19

Which of the following statements is supported by research on school recess?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing regular breaks enhances attention and performance. 
B)  Extra time for academics translates into achievement gains in children as young as age 6. 
C)  Recess benefits children the most when adult supervisors organize and direct play activities. 
D)  Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior increase for children who have more than 15 minutes of recess a day. 
A)  Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing regular breaks enhances attention and performance. 
B)  Extra time for academics translates into achievement gains in children as young as age 6. 
C)  Recess benefits children the most when adult supervisors organize and direct play activities. 
D)  Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior increase for children who have more than 15 minutes of recess a day.

Question 20

Because 5- to 7-year-olds' gross-motor skills are not fully developed, which of the following sports would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  softball 
B)  basketball 
C)  football 
D)  kickball 
A)  softball 
B)  basketball 
C)  football 
D)  kickball

Pruning and reorganization of brain circuits lead to

Secretions of particular __________ are related to social and emotional adjustment.

Compared with preschoolers, school-age children are

In terms of growth norms, which of the following children is most likely to be the shortest?

The most effective interventions for childhood obesity are

Overweight children

Danica, age 9, executes difficult tumbling routines. Since she started gymnastics at age 4, Danica has become more pliable and elastic. This means that Danica has improved

Children experience a somewhat higher rate of illness during the first two years of elementary school than later, because of

Between ages of 6 and 12,

Research shows that children are more physically active during than .

Which of the following statements about physical activity in U.S. schools is true?

Most children need help with __________ until about 9 years of age.

On average, the dramatic adolescent growth spurt occurs __________ earlier in girls than in boys

Parents

At age 6, Ofelia probably

Once school-age children establish a dominance hierarchy,

In developing countries, rates of obesity have risen as a result of

As many as 20 percent of low-SES children develop __________ as a result of repeated middle ear infections.

Which of the following statements is supported by research on school recess?

Because 5- to 7-year-olds' gross-motor skills are not fully developed, which of the following sports would be most appropriate?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Pruning and reorganization of brain circuits lead to

Secretions of particular __________ are related to social and emotional adjustment.

Compared with preschoolers, school-age children are

In terms of growth norms, which of the following children is most likely to be the shortest?

The most effective interventions for childhood obesity are

Overweight children

Danica, age 9, executes difficult tumbling routines. Since she started gymnastics at age 4, Danica has become more pliable and elastic. This means that Danica has improved

Children experience a somewhat higher rate of illness during the first two years of elementary school than later, because of

Between ages of 6 and 12,

Research shows that children are more physically active during __________ than __________.

Which of the following statements about physical activity in U.S. schools is true?

Most children need help with __________ until about 9 years of age.

On average, the dramatic adolescent growth spurt occurs __________ earlier in girls than in boys

Parents

At age 6, Ofelia probably

Once school-age children establish a dominance hierarchy,

In developing countries, rates of obesity have risen as a result of

As many as 20 percent of low-SES children develop __________ as a result of repeated middle ear infections.

Which of the following statements is supported by research on school recess?

Because 5- to 7-year-olds' gross-motor skills are not fully developed, which of the following sports would be most appropriate?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Research shows that children are more physically active during than .