Question 1

Which of the following is most likely to lead to learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

A)  confronting and dealing with stressful situations 
B)  cynicism 
C)  having an internal locus of control 
D)  optimism 
A)  confronting and dealing with stressful situations 
B)  cynicism 
C)  having an internal locus of control 
D)  optimism B

Question 2

Which of the following is likely to lead to learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

A)  understanding the contingencies between responses and outcomes 
B)  experience with uncontrollable stressors 
C)  active responses in the face of stressful events 
D)  all of the above 
A)  understanding the contingencies between responses and outcomes 
B)  experience with uncontrollable stressors 
C)  active responses in the face of stressful events 
D)  all of the above B

Question 3

Which of the following is considered to be a nonreward occurrence?

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance learning 
B)  punishment 
C)  omission 
D)  all of the above 
A)  avoidance learning 
B)  punishment 
C)  omission 
D)  all of the above C

Question 4

Smith is using candy as a positive reinforcer to train his kindergarten class to behave properly. Which of the following scenarios uses omission to accomplish Mr. Smith's goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  when a child behaves poorly he/she is taken out of the classroom 
B)  to be given candy, children must turn in homework assignments on time 
C)  candy is only given after a child is given a time-out 
D)  none of the above 
A)  when a child behaves poorly he/she is taken out of the classroom 
B)  to be given candy, children must turn in homework assignments on time 
C)  candy is only given after a child is given a time-out 
D)  none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is characteristic of an approach coping style?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention 
B)  repression 
C)  blunting 
D)  denial 
A)  selective attention 
B)  repression 
C)  blunting 
D)  denial

Question 6

James has found that whenever he talks back to a school bully, the bully leaves him alone, but when he ignores the bully, the bully attacks him. Talking back to the bully would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  active avoidance 
B)  two-process theory 
C)  punishment 
D)  passive avoidance 
A)  active avoidance 
B)  two-process theory 
C)  punishment 
D)  passive avoidance

Question 7

Individuals with learned helplessness bear a behavioral similarity to individuals diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

A)  schizophrenia 
B)  obsessive-compulsive disorder 
C)  antisocial personality disorder 
D)  depression 
A)  schizophrenia 
B)  obsessive-compulsive disorder 
C)  antisocial personality disorder 
D)  depression

Question 8

Jon is extremely depressed because he feels that he is responsible for his wife's suicide; he believes that he should have detected warning signs and helped his wife. Jon's thoughts here are illustrative of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a stable attribution 
B)  an external locus of control 
C)  an internal locus of control 
D)  a global evaluation 
A)  a stable attribution 
B)  an external locus of control 
C)  an internal locus of control 
D)  a global evaluation

Question 9

Two-Process theory suggests which of the following procedural orders when training avoidance?

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental conditioning followed by classical conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning followed by instrumental conditioning 
C)  punishment followed by reinforcement 
D)  passive avoidance followed by active avoidance 
A)  instrumental conditioning followed by classical conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning followed by instrumental conditioning 
C)  punishment followed by reinforcement 
D)  passive avoidance followed by active avoidance

Question 10

Once a person acquires a behavior, that skill will only occur in that specific situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Skinner's stance of the use of punishment in treating Self-Injurious Behavior (SIB) was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it should not be done because it is immoral 
B)  it should not be done because it only reinforces the punisher 
C)  it should be done if it is brief, harmless, and contingent on SIB 
D)  it should be done in an intense and painful way, in order to be effective in eliminating the SIB 
A)  it should not be done because it is immoral 
B)  it should not be done because it only reinforces the punisher 
C)  it should be done if it is brief, harmless, and contingent on SIB 
D)  it should be done in an intense and painful way, in order to be effective in eliminating the SIB

Question 12

Which of the following could occur within a participant during punishment training?

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression 
B)  conditioned fear 
C)  masochistic behavior 
D)  all of the above 
A)  aggression 
B)  conditioned fear 
C)  masochistic behavior 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

A reward can interfere with a punisher when:

Accepted Answer

A)  reward and punishment fail to arouse approach- avoidance conflict 
B)  a response becomes less resistant to elimination 
C)  the punishing event becomes a secondary positive reinforcer 
D)  all of the above 
A)  reward and punishment fail to arouse approach- avoidance conflict 
B)  a response becomes less resistant to elimination 
C)  the punishing event becomes a secondary positive reinforcer 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

A motivational deficit connected to learned helplessness would involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of a psychosomatic illness 
B)  beliefs in one's eventual failure 
C)  demonstrating a lack of initiative in making responses 
D)  understanding that the mind can mediate a physical reaction to a stressor 
A)  the development of a psychosomatic illness 
B)  beliefs in one's eventual failure 
C)  demonstrating a lack of initiative in making responses 
D)  understanding that the mind can mediate a physical reaction to a stressor

Question 15

Eric is trying to teach a pigeon to peck at a lighted pad in order to avoid receiving a shock while in a operant learning chamber, but is finding that the pigeon is having a difficult time learning this association. This problem is expected, according to which theory of avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  approach-avoidance 
C)  functional 
D)  learned helplessness 
A)  cognitive 
B)  approach-avoidance 
C)  functional 
D)  learned helplessness

Question 16

Jones is doing research looking into the beliefs and expectancies that one acquires during learned helplessness induction. This work could be said to be indicative which approach to learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  motivational 
C)  cognitive 
D)  physiological 
A)  behavioral 
B)  motivational 
C)  cognitive 
D)  physiological

Question 17

Which of the following is characteristic of an avoidance coping style?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention 
B)  intrusion 
C)  blunting 
D)  sensitization 
A)  selective attention 
B)  intrusion 
C)  blunting 
D)  sensitization

Question 18

An approach-avoidance conflict involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  having an approach tendency that is stronger than an avoidance tendency 
B)  having an approach tendency that is weaker than an avoidance tendency 
C)  having an approach tendency that is equal to an avoidance tendency 
D)  not knowing if one should escape or avoid a stimulus 
A)  having an approach tendency that is stronger than an avoidance tendency 
B)  having an approach tendency that is weaker than an avoidance tendency 
C)  having an approach tendency that is equal to an avoidance tendency 
D)  not knowing if one should escape or avoid a stimulus

Question 19

Due to species-specific defense reactions being innate responses, those behaviors cannot be demonstrated in laboratory settings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The notion that rewarded and nonrewarded trials can be associated together underlies the basic premise of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration hypothesis 
B)  sequential hypothesis 
C)  extinction burst hypothesis 
D)  discrimination hypothesis 
A)  frustration hypothesis 
B)  sequential hypothesis 
C)  extinction burst hypothesis 
D)  discrimination hypothesis

Which of the following is most likely to lead to learned helplessness?

Which of the following is likely to lead to learned helplessness?

Which of the following is considered to be a nonreward occurrence?

Smith is using candy as a positive reinforcer to train his kindergarten class to behave properly. Which of the following scenarios uses omission to accomplish Mr. Smith's goal?

Which of the following is characteristic of an approach coping style?

James has found that whenever he talks back to a school bully, the bully leaves him alone, but when he ignores the bully, the bully attacks him. Talking back to the bully would be an example of:

Individuals with learned helplessness bear a behavioral similarity to individuals diagnosed with:

Jon is extremely depressed because he feels that he is responsible for his wife's suicide; he believes that he should have detected warning signs and helped his wife. Jon's thoughts here are illustrative of:

Two-Process theory suggests which of the following procedural orders when training avoidance?

Once a person acquires a behavior, that skill will only occur in that specific situation.

Skinner's stance of the use of punishment in treating Self-Injurious Behavior (SIB) was that:

Which of the following could occur within a participant during punishment training?

A reward can interfere with a punisher when:

A motivational deficit connected to learned helplessness would involve:

Eric is trying to teach a pigeon to peck at a lighted pad in order to avoid receiving a shock while in a operant learning chamber, but is finding that the pigeon is having a difficult time learning this association. This problem is expected, according to which theory of avoidance learning?

Jones is doing research looking into the beliefs and expectancies that one acquires during learned helplessness induction. This work could be said to be indicative which approach to learning?

Which of the following is characteristic of an avoidance coping style?

An approach-avoidance conflict involves:

Due to species-specific defense reactions being innate responses, those behaviors cannot be demonstrated in laboratory settings.

The notion that rewarded and nonrewarded trials can be associated together underlies the basic premise of the:

Introduction

Habituation and Other Forms of Simple Stimulus Learning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Learning: Reward

Verbal Learning

Human Memory: Conceptual Approaches

Short-Term Retention

Encoding

Storage and Retrieval

Spatial, Motor-Skill, and Implicit Learning

Individual Differences in Learning and Memory

Filters

Exam 5: Instrumental Conditioning: Nonreward, Punishment, and Avoidance

Which of the following is most likely to lead to learned helplessness?

Which of the following is likely to lead to learned helplessness?

Which of the following is considered to be a nonreward occurrence?

Smith is using candy as a positive reinforcer to train his kindergarten class to behave properly. Which of the following scenarios uses omission to accomplish Mr. Smith's goal?

Which of the following is characteristic of an approach coping style?

James has found that whenever he talks back to a school bully, the bully leaves him alone, but when he ignores the bully, the bully attacks him. Talking back to the bully would be an example of:

Individuals with learned helplessness bear a behavioral similarity to individuals diagnosed with:

Jon is extremely depressed because he feels that he is responsible for his wife's suicide; he believes that he should have detected warning signs and helped his wife. Jon's thoughts here are illustrative of:

Two-Process theory suggests which of the following procedural orders when training avoidance?

Once a person acquires a behavior, that skill will only occur in that specific situation.

Skinner's stance of the use of punishment in treating Self-Injurious Behavior (SIB) was that:

Which of the following could occur within a participant during punishment training?

A reward can interfere with a punisher when:

A motivational deficit connected to learned helplessness would involve:

Eric is trying to teach a pigeon to peck at a lighted pad in order to avoid receiving a shock while in a operant learning chamber, but is finding that the pigeon is having a difficult time learning this association. This problem is expected, according to which theory of avoidance learning?

Jones is doing research looking into the beliefs and expectancies that one acquires during learned helplessness induction. This work could be said to be indicative which approach to learning?

Which of the following is characteristic of an avoidance coping style?

An approach-avoidance conflict involves:

Due to species-specific defense reactions being innate responses, those behaviors cannot be demonstrated in laboratory settings.

The notion that rewarded and nonrewarded trials can be associated together underlies the basic premise of the:

Introduction

Habituation and Other Forms of Simple Stimulus Learning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Learning: Reward

Verbal Learning

Human Memory: Conceptual Approaches

Short-Term Retention

Encoding

Storage and Retrieval

Spatial, Motor-Skill, and Implicit Learning

Individual Differences in Learning and Memory

Filters