Question 1

Which of the following captures a recommendation for researchers made by the Declaration of Helsinki?

Accepted Answer

A)  To seek ethical oversight of biomedical trials on human subjects by institutional review boards 
B)  To obtain proxy consent for any experimental human subjects who cannot give informed consent 
C)  Both A and B 
D)  Neither A nor B 
A)  To seek ethical oversight of biomedical trials on human subjects by institutional review boards 
B)  To obtain proxy consent for any experimental human subjects who cannot give informed consent 
C)  Both A and B 
D)  Neither A nor B C

Question 2

Which of the following best expresses the reason for bringing Nazi doctors to trial in 1946 at the end of World War II? The defendants were accused of

Accepted Answer

A)  Providing treatment only to German soldiers wounded in combat 
B)  Conspiring to defeat the Allied Powers 
C)  Performing unethical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Providing treatment only to German soldiers wounded in combat 
B)  Conspiring to defeat the Allied Powers 
C)  Performing unethical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war 
D)  All of the above C

Question 3

The Benefits Argument for biomedical research on human subjects invokes

Accepted Answer

A)  Justice to people with untreatable diseases 
B)  Respect for the autonomy of research subjects 
C)  The greater balance of benefits over harm in biomedical research 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Justice to people with untreatable diseases 
B)  Respect for the autonomy of research subjects 
C)  The greater balance of benefits over harm in biomedical research 
D)  None of the above C

Question 4

An upshot of the controversy about the AZT trials in Africa was that investigators conducting a randomized clinical trial in developing countries need to consider which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developing countries have specific ways to approach issues of individual and public health 
B)  Developing countries have scarce medical and financial resources 
C)  The global disease burden falls largely on developing countries 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Developing countries have specific ways to approach issues of individual and public health 
B)  Developing countries have scarce medical and financial resources 
C)  The global disease burden falls largely on developing countries 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

Why do small children count as a vulnerable population for the purpose of biomedical research? Should proxy consent be sought in their case? If so, who should give it? If not, why not?

Accepted Answer

Small children are considered a vulnerab

Question 6

Which of the following claims about the human subjects of the Tuskegee syphilis study is true? The subjects

Accepted Answer

A)  Were infected with syphilis to test different methods of prophylaxis 
B)  Had syphilis when enrolled, but were not treated, even after the advent of penicillin 
C)  Had syphilis when enrolled and were treated when penicillin became available 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Were infected with syphilis to test different methods of prophylaxis 
B)  Had syphilis when enrolled, but were not treated, even after the advent of penicillin 
C)  Had syphilis when enrolled and were treated when penicillin became available 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following best captures the category of therapeutic research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Any studies on human subjects that might benefit only individuals other than the research subjects 
B)  Any studies on human subjects that might benefit the research subjects 
C)  Any studies that fail to achieve the sought result 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Any studies on human subjects that might benefit only individuals other than the research subjects 
B)  Any studies on human subjects that might benefit the research subjects 
C)  Any studies that fail to achieve the sought result 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

The randomized clinical trial (RCT) dilemma facing biomedical research on human subjects is that

Accepted Answer

A)  As medical professionals, they have duties of beneficence toward the subjects enrolled in an RCT 
B)  As researchers, they should allocate the RCT subjects at random regardless of possible health benefits for them 
C)  Both A and B 
D)  Neither A nor B 
A)  As medical professionals, they have duties of beneficence toward the subjects enrolled in an RCT 
B)  As researchers, they should allocate the RCT subjects at random regardless of possible health benefits for them 
C)  Both A and B 
D)  Neither A nor B

Question 9

During the so-called Doctors' Trial of 1946 at the end of World War II, it became evident that the prosecuted Nazi doctors have violated

Accepted Answer

A)  The researchers' obligations of nonmaleficence 
B)  The researchers' obligations of beneficence 
C)  The researchers' obligation to obtain the subjects' informed consent 
D)  All of the above 
A)  The researchers' obligations of nonmaleficence 
B)  The researchers' obligations of beneficence 
C)  The researchers' obligation to obtain the subjects' informed consent 
D)  All of the above

Question 10

The AZT trials in sub-Saharan Africa have been compared morally with the Tuskegee syphilis study in the US. Why might such comparisons seem inevitable? In what ways might these trials seem alike? In what ways different? In the context of the moral controversy about the AZT trials in Sub-Saharan Africa, what did the labels 'ethical imperialism' and 'ethical relativism' mean?

Accepted Answer

The comparisons between the AZT trials i

Question 11

For the purpose of biomedical research, which of the following falls under the category 'vulnerable population'?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who are susceptible to undue influence for enrolling in a biomedical study 
B)  People of low socioeconomic status and members of a racial or ethnic minority 
C)  People who are under-aged, mentally impaired, or institutionalized (in prisons, the army, nursing homes, etc.) 
D)  All of the above 
A)  People who are susceptible to undue influence for enrolling in a biomedical study 
B)  People of low socioeconomic status and members of a racial or ethnic minority 
C)  People who are under-aged, mentally impaired, or institutionalized (in prisons, the army, nursing homes, etc.) 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

How might the Jesse Gelsinger case be brought to bear on the obligations of beneficence and nonmaleficence for medical researchers?

Accepted Answer

The Jesse Gelsinger case is a significan

Question 13

The Nuremberg Code regards obtaining the subjects' informed consent for biomedical research as

Accepted Answer

A)  A non-negotiable condition under any circumstances 
B)  A condition negotiable in some circumstances 
C)  A condition that can be fulfilled by proxy consent 
D)  A condition that institutionalized people need not fulfill 
A)  A non-negotiable condition under any circumstances 
B)  A condition negotiable in some circumstances 
C)  A condition that can be fulfilled by proxy consent 
D)  A condition that institutionalized people need not fulfill

Question 14

According to critics of the researchers' actions in the Henrietta Lacks case, which ethical conditions for biomedical research using human biological materials were flouted? Provide at least one Kantian and one consequentialist condition relevant to the case and evaluate the response by the Benefits Argument.

Accepted Answer

Critics of the researchers' actions in t

Which of the following captures a recommendation for researchers made by the Declaration of Helsinki?

Which of the following best expresses the reason for bringing Nazi doctors to trial in 1946 at the end of World War II? The defendants were accused of

The Benefits Argument for biomedical research on human subjects invokes

An upshot of the controversy about the AZT trials in Africa was that investigators conducting a randomized clinical trial in developing countries need to consider which of the following?

Why do small children count as a vulnerable population for the purpose of biomedical research? Should proxy consent be sought in their case? If so, who should give it? If not, why not?

Which of the following claims about the human subjects of the Tuskegee syphilis study is true? The subjects

Which of the following best captures the category of therapeutic research?

The randomized clinical trial (RCT) dilemma facing biomedical research on human subjects is that

During the so-called Doctors' Trial of 1946 at the end of World War II, it became evident that the prosecuted Nazi doctors have violated

For the purpose of biomedical research, which of the following falls under the category 'vulnerable population'?

How might the Jesse Gelsinger case be brought to bear on the obligations of beneficence and nonmaleficence for medical researchers?

The Nuremberg Code regards obtaining the subjects' informed consent for biomedical research as

The Study of Morality

Philosophical Accounts of Morality

Principle-Oriented and Case-Oriented Bioethics

Managing Patient Information

Consent With Competence and Without

Death and Dying

When Life Supports Are Futile or Refused

Medically Assisted Death

End-Of-Life Measures for Severely Compromised Newborns

Personhood in the Abortion Debate

Abortion in the Typical Case

Abortion in the Hard Cases

Conflicts of Rights at Lifes Beginning

New Reproductive Technologies

Human Genetic Engineering

Biomedical Research on Animals

Justice in Healthcare

Appendix A: The Tools of Ethical Inquiry

Appendix B: Evolving Attitudes toward Ending or Preventing Human Life

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Exam 17: Biomedical Research on Humans

Which of the following captures a recommendation for researchers made by the Declaration of Helsinki?

Which of the following best expresses the reason for bringing Nazi doctors to trial in 1946 at the end of World War II? The defendants were accused of

The Benefits Argument for biomedical research on human subjects invokes

An upshot of the controversy about the AZT trials in Africa was that investigators conducting a randomized clinical trial in developing countries need to consider which of the following?

Why do small children count as a vulnerable population for the purpose of biomedical research? Should proxy consent be sought in their case? If so, who should give it? If not, why not?

Which of the following claims about the human subjects of the Tuskegee syphilis study is true? The subjects

Which of the following best captures the category of therapeutic research?

The randomized clinical trial (RCT) dilemma facing biomedical research on human subjects is that

During the so-called Doctors' Trial of 1946 at the end of World War II, it became evident that the prosecuted Nazi doctors have violated

For the purpose of biomedical research, which of the following falls under the category 'vulnerable population'?

How might the Jesse Gelsinger case be brought to bear on the obligations of beneficence and nonmaleficence for medical researchers?

The Nuremberg Code regards obtaining the subjects' informed consent for biomedical research as

The Study of Morality

Philosophical Accounts of Morality

Principle-Oriented and Case-Oriented Bioethics

Managing Patient Information

Consent With Competence and Without

Death and Dying

When Life Supports Are Futile or Refused

Medically Assisted Death

End-Of-Life Measures for Severely Compromised Newborns

Personhood in the Abortion Debate

Abortion in the Typical Case

Abortion in the Hard Cases

Conflicts of Rights at Lifes Beginning

New Reproductive Technologies

Human Genetic Engineering

Biomedical Research on Animals

Justice in Healthcare

Appendix A: The Tools of Ethical Inquiry

Appendix B: Evolving Attitudes toward Ending or Preventing Human Life

Filters