Exam 1: Introducing Logic

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form. -The universe is cooling off, and we are made of wet and messy materials. So computers have an advantage to us when it comes to evolution. That's because consciousness is just a matter of formal processes. And in computers, these formal processes can go on in substances that are much better able to survive.

Descartes corresponded with Queen Christina. Queen Christina corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini. So, Descartes corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

All rectangles are rhombuses. All rhombuses are parallelograms. So, all rectangles are parallelograms.

Identify the conclusion of each of the following arguments. Remember to remove any conclusion indicators. -Some judges have been subjected to corrupting influences. Anyone who has practiced law has been subjected to corrupting influences. Some judges have practiced law.

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can). -All koalas are bears. All bears hibernate in the winter. Hence, all koalas hibernate in the winter.

Cats have whiskers. Cats have toes. So, cats have whiskers and toes.

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form. -It is not necessary that of every affirmation and opposite negation one should be true and the other false. It is necessary for there to be or not to be a sea battle tomorrow. But it is not necessary for a sea battle to take place tomorrow. Nor is it necessary for one not to take place.

All eagles are birds. Eagles are endangered species. So, birds are endangered species.

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can). -Some theories of truth are inflationary. Some theories of truth are deflationary. All deflationary theories of truth include the T-schema. So, all theories of truth include the T-schema.

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can). -All presidents of the United States have been wealthy. Trump is a man. Therefore, Trump is wealthy.

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form. -We should be committed to the entities hypothesized by the mathematics in question. There exist genuine mathematical explanations of empirical phenomena. We should be committed to the theoretical posits hypothesized by these mathematical explanations. (Paolo Mancosu)

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form. -If your mind were organized, your desk would be organized. Thus, your mind isn't organized. This is true because your desk isn't.

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form. -The ban on selling hypodermic needles should be lifted. If we want to combat AIDS, then we must prevent drug users from sharing dirty needles. If we must prevent the sharing of dirty needles, then the ban on selling needles should be lifted. And obviously, we do want to combat AIDS.

All penguins are birds. All birds have wings. All winged creatures can fly. So, it follows that penguins can fly.

Identify the conclusion of each of the following arguments. Remember to remove any conclusion indicators. -If your mind were organized, your desk would be organized. Thus, your mind isn't organized. This is True because your desk isn't.

Determine whether each of the following arguments is intuitively valid or invalid. For valid arguments, determine whether they are sound (if you can). -Descartes corresponded with Queen Christina. Queen Christina corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini. So, Descartes corresponded with Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Only white rats are used in genetic experiments. Ben is a rat used in a genetic experiment. So, Ben is white.

Regiment each of the following arguments into premise/conclusion form. -Some judges have been subjected to corrupting influences. Anyone who has practiced law has been subjected to corrupting influences. Some judges have practiced law.

All presidents of the United States have been wealthy. Trump is a man. Therefore, Trump is wealthy.

Identify the conclusion of each of the following arguments. Remember to remove any conclusion indicators. -It is not necessary that of every affirmation and opposite negation one should be true and the other false. It is necessary for there to be or not to be a sea battle tomorrow. But it is not necessary for a sea battle to take place tomorrow. Nor is it necessary for one not to take place.