Question 1

Simon takes issue with the view that laments the decline of the public sphere.Why?

Accepted Answer

Based on his research on Atlantic City, Simon argues that the public realm in the past was not about democracy, but was largely about exclusion.In Atlantic City, African Americans had largely been excluded from the public realm.The so-called decline of the public realm was due to the end of segregation and the democratization of the city's public realm, both of which led the White middle class to abandon the city.

Question 2

In his research on the street lives of poor Black men who sell magazines or books, or who panhandle in Greenwich Village, Duneier analyzes the…

Accepted Answer

A) lack of social order in everyday social interactions. 
B) rules and regulations set up by the street people to self-regulate their spatial distribution of who sells and who does what and where. 
C) increasing disorder in the public sphere and how it leads to an ecology of fear. 
D) rules and regulations set up by the police to regulate the men's spatial distribution. 
A) lack of social order in everyday social interactions. 
B) rules and regulations set up by the street people to self-regulate their spatial distribution of who sells and who does what and where. 
C) increasing disorder in the public sphere and how it leads to an ecology of fear. 
D) rules and regulations set up by the police to regulate the men's spatial distribution. B

Question 3

The "broken windows" theory has been one of the most influential approaches developed to explain and reduce crime and disorder and thus to increase levels of social order.Explain the theory and, taking the major criticisms of it into account, give your assessment of it.

Accepted Answer

The "broken windows" theory, developed by criminologists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in 1982, suggests that visible signs of disorder and neglect, such as broken windows, graffiti, and litter, can create an environment that fosters crime. The theory posits that if these signs of disorder are not addressed, they can signal to potential offenders that an area is not being monitored or cared for, leading to an increase in criminal activity.

The theory gained popularity in the 1990s as a basis for the implementation of community policing strategies and the "zero-tolerance" approach to crime. Proponents of the theory argue that by addressing minor signs of disorder, law enforcement can prevent more serious crime from occurring and improve overall community safety and quality of life.

However, the "broken windows" theory has also faced significant criticism. One major criticism is that it oversimplifies the complex causes of crime and neglects the role of social and economic factors in contributing to criminal behavior. Critics argue that focusing solely on visible signs of disorder ignores the underlying systemic issues that lead to crime and can lead to the over-policing and criminalization of marginalized communities.

Another criticism is that there is limited empirical evidence to support the theory's effectiveness in reducing crime. Some studies have found mixed results, with some showing a correlation between addressing disorder and reduced crime, while others have found no significant impact.

In my assessment, while the "broken windows" theory may have some merit in addressing the perception of disorder and improving community aesthetics, it is important to recognize its limitations. It should not be used as the sole approach to addressing crime and disorder, and efforts should also be made to address the root causes of criminal behavior, such as poverty, inequality, and lack of access to resources and opportunities. Additionally, any implementation of the theory should be done with careful consideration of potential negative impacts on communities, and in conjunction with broader social and economic interventions.

Question 4

What did their research lead Sampson and Raudenbush to conclude about the causes of crime? Did this support the "broken windows" theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did their research lead Sampson and...

Question 5

Harcourt argues that the underlying "root causes" of much physical and social disorder in communities include all BUT which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) poverty 
B) discrimination 
C) permissive police 
D) poor education 
E) lack of jobs and economic opportunities 
A) poverty 
B) discrimination 
C) permissive police 
D) poor education 
E) lack of jobs and economic opportunities

Question 6

Sampson and Raudenbush believe that if the meaning of disorder is socially constructed then it is essential that…

Accepted Answer

A) the perceptions of disorder must be addressed. 
B) police focus on residents who have social deficiencies. 
C) the underlying causes of the perceptions of disorder must be addressed. 
D) surveillance cameras be installed in neighborhoods with disorder. 
A) the perceptions of disorder must be addressed. 
B) police focus on residents who have social deficiencies. 
C) the underlying causes of the perceptions of disorder must be addressed. 
D) surveillance cameras be installed in neighborhoods with disorder.

Question 7

The simultaneous development of the suburbs and segregated housing projects in cities were due to…

Accepted Answer

A) the inevitable consequences of urban development after World War II. 
B) processes that we do not yet understand very clearly. 
C) the operations of the market in allocating resources. 
D) both private practices and governmental policies to foster racial and class segregation in American communities, cities, and suburbs. 
A) the inevitable consequences of urban development after World War II. 
B) processes that we do not yet understand very clearly. 
C) the operations of the market in allocating resources. 
D) both private practices and governmental policies to foster racial and class segregation in American communities, cities, and suburbs.

Question 8

The low-income, hire-rise projects in Paris, with their small apartments clustered around lawns and playgrounds, social centers, and stores, were built based on the urban planning principles of…

Accepted Answer

A) Jane Jacobs. 
B) Le Corbusier. 
C) Rene Magritte. 
D) Robert Moses. 
A) Jane Jacobs. 
B) Le Corbusier. 
C) Rene Magritte. 
D) Robert Moses.

Question 9

A city that uses "broken windows" policing to control the behavior of those seen as violating the code of civility would be what Neil Smith calls a ________ city.

Accepted Answer

A) draconian 
B) revanchist 
C) militarized 
D) fear 
A) draconian 
B) revanchist 
C) militarized 
D) fear

Question 10

According to Alain Touraine, the fundamental problem of integration in France is…

Accepted Answer

A) poverty. 
B) symbolism. 
C) rural to urban migration. 
D) segregation. 
A) poverty. 
B) symbolism. 
C) rural to urban migration. 
D) segregation.

Question 11

In adopting the "broken windows" approach in the mid-1990s, New York City moved from a reactive policing response to a proactive response.The first approach emphasized the ________ crime while the second emphasized the ________ crime.

Accepted Answer

A) investigation of; prevention of 
B) level of neighborhood; level of city 
C) prosecution of victimless; prosecution of serious 
D) need to measure; need to obscure 
A) investigation of; prevention of 
B) level of neighborhood; level of city 
C) prosecution of victimless; prosecution of serious 
D) need to measure; need to obscure

Question 12

Explain the distinction that Duneier makes between physical disorder and social disorder.Why is it important?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the distinction that Duneier makes between...

Question 13

Which of these did NOT lead to the social protests and urban riots in France?

Accepted Answer

A) Children and grandchildren of North African Muslim Arabs and West Africans have little access to jobs because of the highly regulated French economy. 
B) The "myth of national homogeneity" that denies ethnic diversity and discrimination. 
C) Underlying problems of social and political isolation, due to joblessness, discrimination, and geographical isolation in the suburban housing projects. 
D) The French government's wide-ranging affirmative action policies. 
A) Children and grandchildren of North African Muslim Arabs and West Africans have little access to jobs because of the highly regulated French economy. 
B) The "myth of national homogeneity" that denies ethnic diversity and discrimination. 
C) Underlying problems of social and political isolation, due to joblessness, discrimination, and geographical isolation in the suburban housing projects. 
D) The French government's wide-ranging affirmative action policies.

Question 14

Simon contends that the viability of the public realm and casinos are antithetical because…

Accepted Answer

A) casinos are immoral. 
B) the public realm should not include private interests. 
C) casinos try to keep visitors inside away from the public. 
D) gambling is illegal. 
A) casinos are immoral. 
B) the public realm should not include private interests. 
C) casinos try to keep visitors inside away from the public. 
D) gambling is illegal.

Question 15

In her landmark study, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs emphasized that for a city to be successful…

Accepted Answer

A) people must feel safe and secure amidst all the strangers. 
B) professional urban planners must be given the power to decide how to structure cities. 
C) people must recognize that cities are inherently dangerous, unwelcoming places. 
D) cities must be homogeneous in terms of their ethnic populations. 
A) people must feel safe and secure amidst all the strangers. 
B) professional urban planners must be given the power to decide how to structure cities. 
C) people must recognize that cities are inherently dangerous, unwelcoming places. 
D) cities must be homogeneous in terms of their ethnic populations.

Question 16

In his book Ecology of Fear, Mike Davis uses Burgess's concentric zone model to represent areas in Los Angeles in terms of ________ as the underlying factor.

Accepted Answer

A) fear 
B) cosmopolitanism 
C) militarization 
D) surveillance 
A) fear 
B) cosmopolitanism 
C) militarization 
D) surveillance

Question 17

Bernard Harcourt criticizes the "broken windows" theory as…

Accepted Answer

A) a detrimental philosophy portrayed as an enlightened pragmatic public policy. 
B) an enlightened pragmatic policy that, for all its good intentions, just did not work. 
C) too focused on the "root causes" of crime. 
D) too concerned with the plight of the poor and homeless to be an effective policy. 
A) a detrimental philosophy portrayed as an enlightened pragmatic public policy. 
B) an enlightened pragmatic policy that, for all its good intentions, just did not work. 
C) too focused on the "root causes" of crime. 
D) too concerned with the plight of the poor and homeless to be an effective policy.

Question 18

Mitchell Duneier criticizes the "broken windows" approach for failing to distinguish between ________ disorder and ________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) illegal; legal 
B) public; private 
C) physical; social 
D) symbolic; ecological 
A) illegal; legal 
B) public; private 
C) physical; social 
D) symbolic; ecological

Question 19

Sampson and Raudenbush's research indicated that which of the following lead to social disorder and crime?

Accepted Answer

A) the extent of neighborhood orderliness 
B) concentrated poverty and low "collective efficacy" 
C) high levels of "collective efficacy 
D) low levels of surveillance in the community 
A) the extent of neighborhood orderliness 
B) concentrated poverty and low "collective efficacy" 
C) high levels of "collective efficacy 
D) low levels of surveillance in the community

Question 20

One ironic aspect of the detection of the possible terrorist incident in Times Square in 2010 was that it was _________, which probably prevented a catastrophe.

Accepted Answer

A) the prevalence of surveillance cameras 
B) the diligence of police officers 
C) the diligence of a street vendor, a "neighborhood character" 
D) just dumb luck 
A) the prevalence of surveillance cameras 
B) the diligence of police officers 
C) the diligence of a street vendor, a "neighborhood character" 
D) just dumb luck

Simon takes issue with the view that laments the decline of the public sphere.Why?

In his research on the street lives of poor Black men who sell magazines or books, or who panhandle in Greenwich Village, Duneier analyzes the…

The "broken windows" theory has been one of the most influential approaches developed to explain and reduce crime and disorder and thus to increase levels of social order.Explain the theory and, taking the major criticisms of it into account, give your assessment of it.

What did their research lead Sampson and Raudenbush to conclude about the causes of crime? Did this support the "broken windows" theory?

Harcourt argues that the underlying "root causes" of much physical and social disorder in communities include all BUT which one of the following?

Sampson and Raudenbush believe that if the meaning of disorder is socially constructed then it is essential that…

The simultaneous development of the suburbs and segregated housing projects in cities were due to…

The low-income, hire-rise projects in Paris, with their small apartments clustered around lawns and playgrounds, social centers, and stores, were built based on the urban planning principles of…

A city that uses "broken windows" policing to control the behavior of those seen as violating the code of civility would be what Neil Smith calls a ________ city.

According to Alain Touraine, the fundamental problem of integration in France is…

In adopting the "broken windows" approach in the mid-1990s, New York City moved from a reactive policing response to a proactive response.The first approach emphasized the crime while the second emphasized the crime.

Explain the distinction that Duneier makes between physical disorder and social disorder.Why is it important?

Which of these did NOT lead to the social protests and urban riots in France?

Simon contends that the viability of the public realm and casinos are antithetical because…

In her landmark study, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs emphasized that for a city to be successful…

In his book Ecology of Fear, Mike Davis uses Burgess's concentric zone model to represent areas in Los Angeles in terms of ________ as the underlying factor.

Bernard Harcourt criticizes the "broken windows" theory as…

Mitchell Duneier criticizes the "broken windows" approach for failing to distinguish between disorder and disorder.

Sampson and Raudenbush's research indicated that which of the following lead to social disorder and crime?

One ironic aspect of the detection of the possible terrorist incident in Times Square in 2010 was that it was _________, which probably prevented a catastrophe.

Introduction to Experiencing Cities

The Emergence of Cities

The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Urban Sociology

Chicago School: Urbanism and Urban Ecology

Urban Planning

Urban Political Economy, the New Urban Sociology, and the Power of Place

City Imagery

The Skyscraper As Icon

Experiencing Strangers and the Quest for Public Order

Urban Communities and Social Policies

Families, Gender, and Singles in the City

The Consumer City: Shopping and Sports

American and Global Suburbanization Patterns

Social Capital and the Resilience of Cities

Filters

Exam 10: Seeing Disorder and the Ecology of Fear

Simon takes issue with the view that laments the decline of the public sphere.Why?

In his research on the street lives of poor Black men who sell magazines or books, or who panhandle in Greenwich Village, Duneier analyzes the…

The "broken windows" theory has been one of the most influential approaches developed to explain and reduce crime and disorder and thus to increase levels of social order.Explain the theory and, taking the major criticisms of it into account, give your assessment of it.

What did their research lead Sampson and Raudenbush to conclude about the causes of crime? Did this support the "broken windows" theory?

Harcourt argues that the underlying "root causes" of much physical and social disorder in communities include all BUT which one of the following?

Sampson and Raudenbush believe that if the meaning of disorder is socially constructed then it is essential that…

The simultaneous development of the suburbs and segregated housing projects in cities were due to…

The low-income, hire-rise projects in Paris, with their small apartments clustered around lawns and playgrounds, social centers, and stores, were built based on the urban planning principles of…

A city that uses "broken windows" policing to control the behavior of those seen as violating the code of civility would be what Neil Smith calls a ________ city.

According to Alain Touraine, the fundamental problem of integration in France is…

In adopting the "broken windows" approach in the mid-1990s, New York City moved from a reactive policing response to a proactive response.The first approach emphasized the ________ crime while the second emphasized the ________ crime.

Explain the distinction that Duneier makes between physical disorder and social disorder.Why is it important?

Which of these did NOT lead to the social protests and urban riots in France?

Simon contends that the viability of the public realm and casinos are antithetical because…

In her landmark study, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs emphasized that for a city to be successful…

In his book Ecology of Fear, Mike Davis uses Burgess's concentric zone model to represent areas in Los Angeles in terms of ________ as the underlying factor.

Bernard Harcourt criticizes the "broken windows" theory as…

Mitchell Duneier criticizes the "broken windows" approach for failing to distinguish between ________ disorder and ________ disorder.

Sampson and Raudenbush's research indicated that which of the following lead to social disorder and crime?

One ironic aspect of the detection of the possible terrorist incident in Times Square in 2010 was that it was _________, which probably prevented a catastrophe.

Introduction to Experiencing Cities

The Emergence of Cities

The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Urban Sociology

Chicago School: Urbanism and Urban Ecology

Urban Planning

Urban Political Economy, the New Urban Sociology, and the Power of Place

City Imagery

The Skyscraper As Icon

Experiencing Strangers and the Quest for Public Order

Urban Communities and Social Policies

Families, Gender, and Singles in the City

The Consumer City: Shopping and Sports

American and Global Suburbanization Patterns

Social Capital and the Resilience of Cities

Filters

In adopting the "broken windows" approach in the mid-1990s, New York City moved from a reactive policing response to a proactive response.The first approach emphasized the crime while the second emphasized the crime.

Mitchell Duneier criticizes the "broken windows" approach for failing to distinguish between disorder and disorder.