Exam 3: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires: a New Imperial Synthesis

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During the reigns of a weak sultan, the __________, as the most powerful government official, sometimes assumed extensive powers and made decisions without consulting the monarch.

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Question 1

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Grand vizier

Describe the three successful military campaigns that transformed the Ottoman state into a world power.

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Question 2

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(1) The 1453 conquest of Constantinople, wherein the forces of Sultan Mehmet II entered Constantinople and reclaimed it as Istanbul; this was a politically and economically strategic location; it was also symbolic, as the new capital Istanbul represented a shift from Christian to Muslim dominance in eastern Europe.
(2) The campaigns to repel the advances of the Safavid Empire of Iran and the conquests of the Arab and North African heartlands of Islam, including Mecca and Medina and Cairo, consolidated greater religious-political legitimacy to the rule of the Ottoman sultan caliph.
(3) The European campaigns of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent (1520-1566) in Hungary, Austria, Serbia, and Albania meant Ottoman dominance of much of southern and eastern Europe.

Which of the following were the two dominant cosmopolitan centers of commerce, art, and intellect in the Middle East in the late 1500s and late 1600s, respectively?

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Question 3

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Who were known as the "Red-headed ones?"

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Question 4

Which of the following was not an accomplishment of Shah Abbas I (1587-1629), upon his ascension to the Safavid throne?

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Question 5

From 1638 until World War I, the land of Iraq was under __________________ control.

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Question 6

Which of the following most accurately describes the Janissaries?

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Question 7

Describe where the principles that guided the Ottoman ruling elite and shaped their attitude toward state and society came from.

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Question 8

Islam reached the limit of its expansion during the classical Abbasid Empire.

(True/False)

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Question 9

Though an early and integral part of Ottoman expansion, gaza was not the sole motivating element.

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Question 10

Which of the following most accurately describes gaza?

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Question 11

The __________________ state was established by the military prowess of the Qizilbash tribesmen.

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Question 12

Marshall Hodgson has written that a visitor from Mars who arrived on earth during the sixteenth century would probably have concluded that the world was on the verge of becoming Muslim. What factors would have contributed to this perception?

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Question 13

Describe the "gazi spirit" and how it shaped the Ottoman Empire.

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Question 14

Does "decline" accurately describe the process through which the Ottoman Empire lost its dominant position? Explain.

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Question 15

Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the standing of the entire religious establishment within the Ottoman Empire?

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Question 16

How were the Ottomans able to administer their diverse peoples with a minimum of resistance?

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Question 17

Why was Iraq the center of contested supremacy between Ottoman Sunnism and Safavid Shi'ism?

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Question 18

One of the reasons for the Ottomans' success was their single, unchanging system of administration over all of the diverse territories they ruled.

(True/False)

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Question 19

How did the penetration of European manufactured goods impact the Ottoman Empire?

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Question 20

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Exam 3: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires: a New Imperial Synthesis

During the reigns of a weak sultan, the __________, as the most powerful government official, sometimes assumed extensive powers and made decisions without consulting the monarch.

Describe the three successful military campaigns that transformed the Ottoman state into a world power.

Which of the following were the two dominant cosmopolitan centers of commerce, art, and intellect in the Middle East in the late 1500s and late 1600s, respectively?

Who were known as the "Red-headed ones?"

Which of the following was not an accomplishment of Shah Abbas I (1587-1629), upon his ascension to the Safavid throne?

From 1638 until World War I, the land of Iraq was under __________________ control.

Which of the following most accurately describes the Janissaries?

Describe where the principles that guided the Ottoman ruling elite and shaped their attitude toward state and society came from.

Islam reached the limit of its expansion during the classical Abbasid Empire.

Though an early and integral part of Ottoman expansion, gaza was not the sole motivating element.

Which of the following most accurately describes gaza?

The __________________ state was established by the military prowess of the Qizilbash tribesmen.

Marshall Hodgson has written that a visitor from Mars who arrived on earth during the sixteenth century would probably have concluded that the world was on the verge of becoming Muslim. What factors would have contributed to this perception?

Describe the "gazi spirit" and how it shaped the Ottoman Empire.

Does "decline" accurately describe the process through which the Ottoman Empire lost its dominant position? Explain.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the standing of the entire religious establishment within the Ottoman Empire?

How were the Ottomans able to administer their diverse peoples with a minimum of resistance?

Why was Iraq the center of contested supremacy between Ottoman Sunnism and Safavid Shi'ism?

One of the reasons for the Ottomans' success was their single, unchanging system of administration over all of the diverse territories they ruled.

How did the penetration of European manufactured goods impact the Ottoman Empire?

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