Exam 6: Evidence and Proof

Consider the following claim: "Drinking too much water is bad for you because it weakens your bladder over time. Have you seen what water does to pipes?" How might you go about evaluating this claim? What are some specific questions you might ask the person who is making the claim?

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

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To evaluate this claim, I would start by asking the person who is making the claim for their sources of information. Specifically, I would ask if they have any scientific studies or research to support their claim. I would also inquire about their understanding of the human body and how it processes water.

Additionally, I would ask for clarification on what they mean by "drinking too much water." What is their definition of excessive water consumption, and how do they believe it weakens the bladder over time?

I would also ask if they are aware of the recommended daily intake of water and how their claim aligns with those guidelines.

Furthermore, I would inquire about their knowledge of the impact of hydration on overall health and bodily functions. Are they aware of the potential consequences of dehydration and the importance of staying properly hydrated?

Lastly, I would ask if they have considered the differences between the human body and pipes, and if they understand the complexities of the human urinary system and how it differs from the function of pipes.

By asking these specific questions, I hope to gain a better understanding of the basis for their claim and to assess the validity of their argument.

Evidence presented in support of a claim is represented by which element of the Toulmin model?

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Question 2

Correct Answer:

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According to the website www.gunfacts.info, "92% of the time, simply brandishing a gun or firing a warning shot is sufficient to scare off an attacker." The most likely problem with this statistic is:

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Question 3

Correct Answer:

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Which of the following contexts for arguing relies most heavily on field-invariant (as opposed to field-dependent) evidence?

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Question 4

"A survey of students conducted at one Ivy League school revealed that 40% of students reported binge drinking at least once per month. Thus, it appears that binge drinking on college campuses is a bigger problem now than ever." What is the most notable problem with this statistic?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 5

Which of the following sources would tend to be the least biased on the topic of whether capital punishment has a deterrent effect on the homicide rate?

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Question 6

A polling firm conducts a random, national sample of 4,200 Americans. The poll reveals that 51% of the respondents believe mothers with young children should stay at home to raise them, whereas 49% say mothers should continue to work and place their children in day care. The reported sampling error for the poll is +/- 5%. On a TV talk show, Senator Boswell refers to the poll's results, stating "I'm glad to see the country is starting to embrace family values once again." The primary problem with the senator's argument is:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 7

Advertisements that rely on a few users' statements (e.g., "The miracle diet worked for me!" "The pounds melted away.") represent which type of proof?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 8

"Parking at our university is not as big a problem as students make it out to be. A survey of 200 students living in the dorms on campus revealed that 73% experienced few parking problems." The main problem with this evidence is:

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Question 9

Choose a specific field or discipline and identify a rule or requirement for presenting and/or evaluating evidence in that field or discipline. In other words, what standard is relied upon when proving something or challenging another's evidence?

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Question 10

List and explain two tests of source credibility. Provide an example of a person you know, or know of, who passes the tests, and one person who does not. Be sure to explain why those people pass or fail the tests of credibility.

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Question 11

A parent is looking up information on autism. Which of the following sources would best satisfy the tests of evidence discussed in the text?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 12

An arguer claims that the U.S. labor force is shrinking and infers that workers can't find jobs. "In 2007," she says, "66% of Americans had a job or were seeking work. In 2019, that number is only 63%." However, she fails to mention that demographic factors, such as an aging population and longer life expectancy, are bound to shrink the size of the labor force. The most likely problem here is:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 13

Which of the following would be the least reliable type of source?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 14

All of the following are reasons why information gathered from scholarly journal articles is superior to information gathered on the World Wide Web except:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 15

While opposing physician-assisted suicide, Darrel quotes doctors, lawyers, and clergy who oppose the practice. Darrel is using which type of proof?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

Which of following is not an effective test for determining whether a study about a new type of diet is credible?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 17

When evaluating field-invariant evidence, a common standard of proof is

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 18

According to the authors, which of the following is one of the most credible, reliable sources of evidence?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 19

All of the following are unknowable statistics, except:

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 29

Consider the following claim: "Drinking too much water is bad for you because it weakens your bladder over time. Have you seen what water does to pipes?" How might you go about evaluating this claim? What are some specific questions you might ask the person who is making the claim?

Evidence presented in support of a claim is represented by which element of the Toulmin model?

According to the website www.gunfacts.info, "92% of the time, simply brandishing a gun or firing a warning shot is sufficient to scare off an attacker." The most likely problem with this statistic is:

Which of the following contexts for arguing relies most heavily on field-invariant (as opposed to field-dependent) evidence?

"A survey of students conducted at one Ivy League school revealed that 40% of students reported binge drinking at least once per month. Thus, it appears that binge drinking on college campuses is a bigger problem now than ever." What is the most notable problem with this statistic?

Which of the following sources would tend to be the least biased on the topic of whether capital punishment has a deterrent effect on the homicide rate?

Advertisements that rely on a few users' statements (e.g., "The miracle diet worked for me!" "The pounds melted away.") represent which type of proof?

"Parking at our university is not as big a problem as students make it out to be. A survey of 200 students living in the dorms on campus revealed that 73% experienced few parking problems." The main problem with this evidence is:

Choose a specific field or discipline and identify a rule or requirement for presenting and/or evaluating evidence in that field or discipline. In other words, what standard is relied upon when proving something or challenging another's evidence?

List and explain two tests of source credibility. Provide an example of a person you know, or know of, who passes the tests, and one person who does not. Be sure to explain why those people pass or fail the tests of credibility.

A parent is looking up information on autism. Which of the following sources would best satisfy the tests of evidence discussed in the text?

Which of the following would be the least reliable type of source?

All of the following are reasons why information gathered from scholarly journal articles is superior to information gathered on the World Wide Web except:

While opposing physician-assisted suicide, Darrel quotes doctors, lawyers, and clergy who oppose the practice. Darrel is using which type of proof?

Which of following is not an effective test for determining whether a study about a new type of diet is credible?

When evaluating field-invariant evidence, a common standard of proof is

According to the authors, which of the following is one of the most credible, reliable sources of evidence?

All of the following are unknowable statistics, except:

Why Study Argument?

Arguing Ethically

Argument Theories, Models, and Definitions

The Nature of Critical Thinking

Building Blocks of Argument

Informal Reasoning

Fallacies in Reasoning, Part I

Fallacies in Reasoning, Part II

Judgment, Decision Making and Problem Solving

Deductive Reasoning

Effective Advocacy

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