Question 1

Which theorist was pivotal in the theoretical approach of evolutionism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis Henry Morgan 
B)  Franz Boas 
C)  Clifford Geertz 
D)  Julian Steward 
A)  Lewis Henry Morgan 
B)  Franz Boas 
C)  Clifford Geertz 
D)  Julian Steward A

Question 2

What earlier theoretical approach did Leslie White's neoevolution counter?

Accepted Answer

A)  historical particularism 
B)  diffusionism 
C)  cultural evolution 
D)  participant-observation 
A)  historical particularism 
B)  diffusionism 
C)  cultural evolution 
D)  participant-observation A

Question 3

Choose either ecological anthropology or Boasian anthropology. Describe what sorts of questions an anthropologist following this theoretical perspective would be interested in if he or she were to study the social life of American university students.

Accepted Answer

The ideal answer should include:
1. Appropriately define the focus of the chosen theoretical perspective
2. Give specific examples of what one might study, and explain why these topics are of interest

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the archive known as the Human Relations Area Files?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its annually growing collections have been indexed to make them easier to consult. 
B)  It specializes in providing information on social problems in societies around the world. 
C)  It is available only to qualified researchers. 
D)  It is available only in a select few universities, and only on paper and microfiche. 
A)  Its annually growing collections have been indexed to make them easier to consult. 
B)  It specializes in providing information on social problems in societies around the world. 
C)  It is available only to qualified researchers. 
D)  It is available only in a select few universities, and only on paper and microfiche.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kinship terminology is associated with marital patterns. 
B)  Democracy is the best form of government. 
C)  We will interview 400 people for this study. 
D)  Our data support the idea that English and German are in the same language family. 
A)  Kinship terminology is associated with marital patterns. 
B)  Democracy is the best form of government. 
C)  We will interview 400 people for this study. 
D)  Our data support the idea that English and German are in the same language family.

Question 6

How is a law defined in the physical sciences?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a relationship between variables whose existence is suggested by repeated observation. 
B)  It is a narrative statement. 
C)  It is a statement about how things ought to be if we are right in our theories. 
D)  It is a detailed explanation about why things occur the way they do. 
A)  It is a relationship between variables whose existence is suggested by repeated observation. 
B)  It is a narrative statement. 
C)  It is a statement about how things ought to be if we are right in our theories. 
D)  It is a detailed explanation about why things occur the way they do.

Question 7

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of theoretical orientations in anthropology. Does adherence to a particular theoretical orientation aid or hinder anthropological research? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The ideal answer should include:
1. Adva

Question 8

What is one major impediment to historical research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting and analyzing historical data is very time consuming. 
B)  There is no historical data for most of the world. 
C)  Historical data is less respected than ethnographic data. 
D)  There is no way to statistically analyze historical data. 
A)  Collecting and analyzing historical data is very time consuming. 
B)  There is no historical data for most of the world. 
C)  Historical data is less respected than ethnographic data. 
D)  There is no way to statistically analyze historical data.

Question 9

Participant-observation always involves fieldwork, but fieldwork might involve other methods such as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conducting a census 
B)  digging an archaeological test pit 
C)  reading the historical record 
D)  writing new legislation 
A)  conducting a census 
B)  digging an archaeological test pit 
C)  reading the historical record 
D)  writing new legislation

Question 10

Why is making an operational definition so important in anthropological research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides a way to measure variables and to compare results across studies. 
B)  It is a required part of a research proposal. 
C)  Anthropologists tend to study phenomena that have not yet been defined in Western cultures. 
D)  Anthropologists must work collaboratively, and this allows others to take up the study in the future. 
A)  It provides a way to measure variables and to compare results across studies. 
B)  It is a required part of a research proposal. 
C)  Anthropologists tend to study phenomena that have not yet been defined in Western cultures. 
D)  Anthropologists must work collaboratively, and this allows others to take up the study in the future.

Question 11

What is the relationship between associations and theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories are more complicated explanations for observed associations. 
B)  Associations are required before theories can be made. 
C)  Theories are required before associations can be made. 
D)  Associations are more complicated explanations for observed theories. 
A)  Theories are more complicated explanations for observed associations. 
B)  Associations are required before theories can be made. 
C)  Theories are required before associations can be made. 
D)  Associations are more complicated explanations for observed theories.

Question 12

When do you use a statistical test of significance?

Accepted Answer

A)  when you need to measure the differences among variables 
B)  so you can definitively prove a theory 
C)  when you are unsure what level of importance should be attached to a theoretical construct 
D)  so you can determine whether your conclusion was right or wrong 
A)  when you need to measure the differences among variables 
B)  so you can definitively prove a theory 
C)  when you are unsure what level of importance should be attached to a theoretical construct 
D)  so you can determine whether your conclusion was right or wrong

Question 13

Which of these gives an accurate example of a researcher's sampling universe?

Accepted Answer

A)  An investigator wants to understand high school drop-out rates, so she draws her sample from all the high school students in her city. 
B)  An investigator wishes to understand parents' vaccination decisions, so he reads a selection of papers already published on the anti-vaccination movement. 
C)  A researcher hopes to explain the relationship between divorce rates and religious belief, so she interviews one divorced couple about their faith. 
D)  A researcher plans to teach safe sex to teens, so he provides leaflets and workshops to local clinics. 
A)  An investigator wants to understand high school drop-out rates, so she draws her sample from all the high school students in her city. 
B)  An investigator wishes to understand parents' vaccination decisions, so he reads a selection of papers already published on the anti-vaccination movement. 
C)  A researcher hopes to explain the relationship between divorce rates and religious belief, so she interviews one divorced couple about their faith. 
D)  A researcher plans to teach safe sex to teens, so he provides leaflets and workshops to local clinics.

Question 14

Which biological scientists informed the early evolutionary approaches in anthropological theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin and Wallace 
B)  Tylor and Morgan 
C)  White and Steward 
D)  Vayda and Rappaport 
A)  Darwin and Wallace 
B)  Tylor and Morgan 
C)  White and Steward 
D)  Vayda and Rappaport

Question 15

Which of these is an example of cultural lag?

Accepted Answer

A)  A society has recently changed its diet but still maintains a food-related taboo. 
B)  A sedentary society relies on more grains than a nomadic society in the same environment. 
C)  Women in one society learn new trends later than men, because they are less likely to be literate. 
D)  A community adopts English words for pop culture, but not in other aspects of language. 
A)  A society has recently changed its diet but still maintains a food-related taboo. 
B)  A sedentary society relies on more grains than a nomadic society in the same environment. 
C)  Women in one society learn new trends later than men, because they are less likely to be literate. 
D)  A community adopts English words for pop culture, but not in other aspects of language.

Question 16

To whom do anthropologists have the most important ethical obligation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the people they study 
B)  their colleagues 
C)  the public 
D)  their students 
A)  the people they study 
B)  their colleagues 
C)  the public 
D)  their students

Question 17

What type of research allows anthropologists to generate interpretations on the basis of worldwide comparisons of particular characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-cultural research 
B)  within-culture comparison 
C)  nonhistorical controlled comparisons 
D)  historical research 
A)  cross-cultural research 
B)  within-culture comparison 
C)  nonhistorical controlled comparisons 
D)  historical research

Question 18

Participant-observation refers to the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  practice of immersing oneself in the language and customs of a society 
B)  use of a laboratory to standardize measurements 
C)  observation of how people interact in carefully contrived situations 
D)  employment of natives to gather information from their peers 
A)  practice of immersing oneself in the language and customs of a society 
B)  use of a laboratory to standardize measurements 
C)  observation of how people interact in carefully contrived situations 
D)  employment of natives to gather information from their peers

Question 19

Anthropological research can be classified by its __________ and __________ scope.

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial; temporal 
B)  temporal; ecological 
C)  ecological; economic 
D)  economic; spatial 
A)  spatial; temporal 
B)  temporal; ecological 
C)  ecological; economic 
D)  economic; spatial

Question 20

How do theoretical approaches influence a researcher's investigation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theoretical orientation usually determines which set of factors the researcher thinks is most important. 
B)  The theoretical orientation limits the researcher to studies within a small range of topics. 
C)  The investigation determines the researcher's theoretical orientation. 
D)  The theory tested in the study is the same thing as a researcher's theoretical orientation. 
A)  The theoretical orientation usually determines which set of factors the researcher thinks is most important. 
B)  The theoretical orientation limits the researcher to studies within a small range of topics. 
C)  The investigation determines the researcher's theoretical orientation. 
D)  The theory tested in the study is the same thing as a researcher's theoretical orientation.

Which theorist was pivotal in the theoretical approach of evolutionism?

What earlier theoretical approach did Leslie White's neoevolution counter?

Choose either ecological anthropology or Boasian anthropology. Describe what sorts of questions an anthropologist following this theoretical perspective would be interested in if he or she were to study the social life of American university students.

Which of the following is true of the archive known as the Human Relations Area Files?

Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis?

How is a law defined in the physical sciences?

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of theoretical orientations in anthropology. Does adherence to a particular theoretical orientation aid or hinder anthropological research? Explain your answer.

What is one major impediment to historical research?

Participant-observation always involves fieldwork, but fieldwork might involve other methods such as __________.

Why is making an operational definition so important in anthropological research?

What is the relationship between associations and theories?

When do you use a statistical test of significance?

Which of these gives an accurate example of a researcher's sampling universe?

Which biological scientists informed the early evolutionary approaches in anthropological theory?

Which of these is an example of cultural lag?

To whom do anthropologists have the most important ethical obligation?

What type of research allows anthropologists to generate interpretations on the basis of worldwide comparisons of particular characteristics?

Participant-observation refers to the __________.

Anthropological research can be classified by its and scope.

How do theoretical approaches influence a researcher's investigation?

What Is Anthropology

Culture and Culture Change

Culture and the Individual

Communication and Language

Getting Food

Economic Systems

Social Stratification: Class, Ethnicity, and Racism

Sex and Gender

Marriage and the Family

Marital Residence and Kinship

Associations and Interest Groups

Political Life: Social Order and Disorder

Religion and Magic

The Arts

Practicing and Applying Anthropology

Health and Illness

Global Problems

Filters

Exam 4: Understanding and Explaining Culture

Which theorist was pivotal in the theoretical approach of evolutionism?

What earlier theoretical approach did Leslie White's neoevolution counter?

Choose either ecological anthropology or Boasian anthropology. Describe what sorts of questions an anthropologist following this theoretical perspective would be interested in if he or she were to study the social life of American university students.

Which of the following is true of the archive known as the Human Relations Area Files?

Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis?

How is a law defined in the physical sciences?

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of theoretical orientations in anthropology. Does adherence to a particular theoretical orientation aid or hinder anthropological research? Explain your answer.

What is one major impediment to historical research?

Participant-observation always involves fieldwork, but fieldwork might involve other methods such as __________.

Why is making an operational definition so important in anthropological research?

What is the relationship between associations and theories?

When do you use a statistical test of significance?

Which of these gives an accurate example of a researcher's sampling universe?

Which biological scientists informed the early evolutionary approaches in anthropological theory?

Which of these is an example of cultural lag?

To whom do anthropologists have the most important ethical obligation?

What type of research allows anthropologists to generate interpretations on the basis of worldwide comparisons of particular characteristics?

Participant-observation refers to the __________.

Anthropological research can be classified by its __________ and __________ scope.

How do theoretical approaches influence a researcher's investigation?

What Is Anthropology

Culture and Culture Change

Culture and the Individual

Communication and Language

Getting Food

Economic Systems

Social Stratification: Class, Ethnicity, and Racism

Sex and Gender

Marriage and the Family

Marital Residence and Kinship

Associations and Interest Groups

Political Life: Social Order and Disorder

Religion and Magic

The Arts

Practicing and Applying Anthropology

Health and Illness

Global Problems

Filters

Anthropological research can be classified by its and scope.