Question 1

While anthropologists often use pseudonyms to protect their study populations, what problem might arise from this practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is difficult to conduct follow-up research if the community has been disguised. 
B)  Using a fake name for the community reduces the credibility of the study's findings. 
C)  Most anthropologists find the practice disrespectful to study populations. 
D)  It is unethical to conceal the locations of illegal or otherwise improper behaviors. 
A)  It is difficult to conduct follow-up research if the community has been disguised. 
B)  Using a fake name for the community reduces the credibility of the study's findings. 
C)  Most anthropologists find the practice disrespectful to study populations. 
D)  It is unethical to conceal the locations of illegal or otherwise improper behaviors.

Question 2

An explanation is an answer to a __________ question.

Accepted Answer

A)  "why" 
B)  "what" 
C)  "who" 
D)  "where" 
A)  "why" 
B)  "what" 
C)  "who" 
D)  "where"

Question 3

What was one of the ways that Franz Boas brought about the end of the evolutionism period in early anthropology?

Accepted Answer

A)  He was strongly opposed to "race" theory, and emphasized the importance of cultural context. 
B)  He disagreed with the dependence on fieldwork and encouraged more theoretical research. 
C)  Boas was the first to consider adaptation to environmental conditions as a major factor for cultural traits. 
D)  Boas was the only anthropologist to work with subjects from developing nations. 
A)  He was strongly opposed to "race" theory, and emphasized the importance of cultural context. 
B)  He disagreed with the dependence on fieldwork and encouraged more theoretical research. 
C)  Boas was the first to consider adaptation to environmental conditions as a major factor for cultural traits. 
D)  Boas was the only anthropologist to work with subjects from developing nations.

Question 4

In __________, the anthropologist compares ethnographic information obtained from societies found in a particular region.

Accepted Answer

A)  regional controlled comparison 
B)  within-culture comparison 
C)  cross-cultural research 
D)  historical research 
A)  regional controlled comparison 
B)  within-culture comparison 
C)  cross-cultural research 
D)  historical research

Question 5

To measure something is to say how it compares with other things on some scale of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  variation 
B)  classification 
C)  society 
D)  quality 
A)  variation 
B)  classification 
C)  society 
D)  quality

Question 6

How does the sampling universe vary based on the types of research in anthropology? Explain what a typical sampling universe would look like for within-culture comparisons, cross-cultural research, and historical research.

Accepted Answer

The ideal answer should include:
1. Dist

Question 7

What influence did Darwin's theory of evolution have on 19th-century anthropology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early anthropologists believed that cultures develop in a uniform manner, as Darwin suggested species do. 
B)  It was assumed that only European societies were humans, and that other peoples constituted different species. 
C)  Their acceptance of Darwinian evolution placed early anthropologists in a position of conflict with the church. 
D)  Cultural anthropology was approached from the perspectives of biologists. 
A)  Early anthropologists believed that cultures develop in a uniform manner, as Darwin suggested species do. 
B)  It was assumed that only European societies were humans, and that other peoples constituted different species. 
C)  Their acceptance of Darwinian evolution placed early anthropologists in a position of conflict with the church. 
D)  Cultural anthropology was approached from the perspectives of biologists.

Question 8

An anthropologist comparing kinship terms between the Turkana and the Maasai-both pastoral peoples from East Africa-is doing __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  regional controlled comparison 
B)  within-culture comparison 
C)  cross-cultural research 
D)  historical research 
A)  regional controlled comparison 
B)  within-culture comparison 
C)  cross-cultural research 
D)  historical research

Question 9

Why is it incorrect to explain a cultural feature by saying it is "traditional"?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an unsatisfactory answer because it is a tautology. 
B)  It is incorrect because, by definition, traditions are not cultural features. 
C)  Cultural features are too variable to be considered traditional. 
D)  Tradition always precedes the adoption of cultural features. 
A)  It is an unsatisfactory answer because it is a tautology. 
B)  It is incorrect because, by definition, traditions are not cultural features. 
C)  Cultural features are too variable to be considered traditional. 
D)  Tradition always precedes the adoption of cultural features.

Question 10

Anthropologists have realized that __________ on their experiences and personal interactions is an important part of understanding.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflecting 
B)  documenting 
C)  reporting 
D)  theorizing 
A)  reflecting 
B)  documenting 
C)  reporting 
D)  theorizing

Question 11

Richard Scaglion's study into the ceremonial yams used by the Abelam of New Guinea was influenced by similar studies in other populations. Which of these procedures was Scaglion using?

Accepted Answer

A)  comparative study 
B)  single-case analysis 
C)  metaphorical analysis 
D)  double-case study 
A)  comparative study 
B)  single-case analysis 
C)  metaphorical analysis 
D)  double-case study

Question 12

Dual-inheritance theory relates to the roles of __________ and __________ in transmitting traits to future generations.

Accepted Answer

A)  genes; culture 
B)  culture; lineage 
C)  genes; diet 
D)  diet; lineage 
A)  genes; culture 
B)  culture; lineage 
C)  genes; diet 
D)  diet; lineage

Question 13

What do scientists use as predictions of what might be found in a study?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotheses 
B)  theories 
C)  statistics 
D)  associations 
A)  hypotheses 
B)  theories 
C)  statistics 
D)  associations

Question 14

Today, evolutionary anthropologists or behavioral ecologists look at how a behavioral characteristic may be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive for an individual in a given environment 
B)  adaptive for a group in a given environment 
C)  maladaptive for an individual in any environment 
D)  maladaptive for a group in any environment 
A)  adaptive for an individual in a given environment 
B)  adaptive for a group in a given environment 
C)  maladaptive for an individual in any environment 
D)  maladaptive for a group in any environment

Question 15

Why can theories not be proved?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many of the concepts and ideas in theories are not directly observable. 
B)  They are too complex to be tested. 
C)  Theories are too vague to be tested. 
D)  Human behavior is basically unpredictable. 
A)  Many of the concepts and ideas in theories are not directly observable. 
B)  They are too complex to be tested. 
C)  Theories are too vague to be tested. 
D)  Human behavior is basically unpredictable.

While anthropologists often use pseudonyms to protect their study populations, what problem might arise from this practice?

An explanation is an answer to a __________ question.

What was one of the ways that Franz Boas brought about the end of the evolutionism period in early anthropology?

In __________, the anthropologist compares ethnographic information obtained from societies found in a particular region.

To measure something is to say how it compares with other things on some scale of __________.

How does the sampling universe vary based on the types of research in anthropology? Explain what a typical sampling universe would look like for within-culture comparisons, cross-cultural research, and historical research.

What influence did Darwin's theory of evolution have on 19th-century anthropology?

An anthropologist comparing kinship terms between the Turkana and the Maasai-both pastoral peoples from East Africa-is doing __________.

Why is it incorrect to explain a cultural feature by saying it is "traditional"?

Anthropologists have realized that __________ on their experiences and personal interactions is an important part of understanding.

Richard Scaglion's study into the ceremonial yams used by the Abelam of New Guinea was influenced by similar studies in other populations. Which of these procedures was Scaglion using?

Dual-inheritance theory relates to the roles of and in transmitting traits to future generations.

What do scientists use as predictions of what might be found in a study?

Today, evolutionary anthropologists or behavioral ecologists look at how a behavioral characteristic may be __________.

Why can theories not be proved?

What Is Anthropology

Culture and Culture Change

Culture and the Individual

Communication and Language

Getting Food

Economic Systems

Social Stratification: Class, Ethnicity, and Racism

Sex and Gender

Marriage and the Family

Marital Residence and Kinship

Associations and Interest Groups

Political Life: Social Order and Disorder

Religion and Magic

The Arts

Practicing and Applying Anthropology

Health and Illness

Global Problems

Filters

Exam 4: Understanding and Explaining Culture

While anthropologists often use pseudonyms to protect their study populations, what problem might arise from this practice?

An explanation is an answer to a __________ question.

What was one of the ways that Franz Boas brought about the end of the evolutionism period in early anthropology?

In __________, the anthropologist compares ethnographic information obtained from societies found in a particular region.

To measure something is to say how it compares with other things on some scale of __________.

How does the sampling universe vary based on the types of research in anthropology? Explain what a typical sampling universe would look like for within-culture comparisons, cross-cultural research, and historical research.

What influence did Darwin's theory of evolution have on 19th-century anthropology?

An anthropologist comparing kinship terms between the Turkana and the Maasai-both pastoral peoples from East Africa-is doing __________.

Why is it incorrect to explain a cultural feature by saying it is "traditional"?

Anthropologists have realized that __________ on their experiences and personal interactions is an important part of understanding.

Richard Scaglion's study into the ceremonial yams used by the Abelam of New Guinea was influenced by similar studies in other populations. Which of these procedures was Scaglion using?

Dual-inheritance theory relates to the roles of __________ and __________ in transmitting traits to future generations.

What do scientists use as predictions of what might be found in a study?

Today, evolutionary anthropologists or behavioral ecologists look at how a behavioral characteristic may be __________.

Why can theories not be proved?

What Is Anthropology

Culture and Culture Change

Culture and the Individual

Communication and Language

Getting Food

Economic Systems

Social Stratification: Class, Ethnicity, and Racism

Sex and Gender

Marriage and the Family

Marital Residence and Kinship

Associations and Interest Groups

Political Life: Social Order and Disorder

Religion and Magic

The Arts

Practicing and Applying Anthropology

Health and Illness

Global Problems

Filters

Dual-inheritance theory relates to the roles of and in transmitting traits to future generations.