Question 1

How does self-efficacy contribute to goal choice or goal achievement?

Accepted Answer

A)  People choose goals in areas in which they possess low self-efficacy. 
B)  People choose goals in areas in which they possess high self-efficacy 
C)  Self-efficacy increases the effort discounting of goals. 
D)  Self-efficacy decreases the likelihood of goal achievement. 
A)  People choose goals in areas in which they possess low self-efficacy. 
B)  People choose goals in areas in which they possess high self-efficacy 
C)  Self-efficacy increases the effort discounting of goals. 
D)  Self-efficacy decreases the likelihood of goal achievement. B

Question 2

Which of the following situations leads to the strongest or most persistent behavior regarding goal achievement? Most persistent goal-achievement behavior occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  trying to achieve subgoal plus a final goal. 
B)  trying to achieve a final goal. 
C)  trying to achieve a subgoal. 
D)  trying to achieve a "Do your best" goal. 
A)  trying to achieve subgoal plus a final goal. 
B)  trying to achieve a final goal. 
C)  trying to achieve a subgoal. 
D)  trying to achieve a "Do your best" goal. A

Question 3

A person can increase his/her commitment to a goal by

Accepted Answer

A)  making certain that alternative goals are available. 
B)  telling significant others about his/her goal. 
C)  trying to lower the valence of the goal. 
D)  make certain her/his self-efficacy is low for the goal-achievement behavior. 
A)  making certain that alternative goals are available. 
B)  telling significant others about his/her goal. 
C)  trying to lower the valence of the goal. 
D)  make certain her/his self-efficacy is low for the goal-achievement behavior. B

Question 4

What is the function of a subgoal for the achievement of a final goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  A subgoal provides feedback about progress toward the final goal. 
B)  A subgoal provides more immediate motivation than does the final goal. 
C)  Subgoals are alternatives to the final goal. 
D)  Subgoals have the functions described in answers a and b. 
A)  A subgoal provides feedback about progress toward the final goal. 
B)  A subgoal provides more immediate motivation than does the final goal. 
C)  Subgoals are alternatives to the final goal. 
D)  Subgoals have the functions described in answers a and b.

Question 5

Mindset theory of action involves

Accepted Answer

A)  goal selection + planning for how to achieve the goal 
B)  goal selection only 
C)  planning for how to achieve the goal only 
D)  determining whether the goal can be achieved 
A)  goal selection + planning for how to achieve the goal 
B)  goal selection only 
C)  planning for how to achieve the goal only 
D)  determining whether the goal can be achieved

Question 6

Goal achievement behavior results in goal achievement when

Accepted Answer

A)  feedback is provided about progress toward the goal. 
B)  no feedback is provided about progress toward the goal. 
C)  subgoals are achieved after the final goal is achieved. 
D)  when achievement valence is absent. 
A)  feedback is provided about progress toward the goal. 
B)  no feedback is provided about progress toward the goal. 
C)  subgoals are achieved after the final goal is achieved. 
D)  when achievement valence is absent.

Question 7

Progress toward achieving a goal is based on _______________ the discrepancy between one's current state and goal state.

Accepted Answer

A)  maximizing 
B)  keeping constant 
C)  increasing 
D)  decreasing 
A)  maximizing 
B)  keeping constant 
C)  increasing 
D)  decreasing

Question 8

What property or function do goals have? Goals have

Accepted Answer

A)  a feedback function only. 
B)  an energizing function only. 
C)  a directive function only. 
D)  an energizing function + a directive function. 
A)  a feedback function only. 
B)  an energizing function only. 
C)  a directive function only. 
D)  an energizing function + a directive function.

Question 9

What does expectancy value theory and expected utility theory describe?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does expectancy value theory and expected...

Question 10

Goal valence is to achievement valence as

Accepted Answer

A)  goal approach is to goal difficulty. 
B)  value of the goal is to satisfaction from achieving the goal. 
C)  framing of the goal is to likelihood of achieving the goal. 
D)  precision of the goal is to size of the goal. 
A)  goal approach is to goal difficulty. 
B)  value of the goal is to satisfaction from achieving the goal. 
C)  framing of the goal is to likelihood of achieving the goal. 
D)  precision of the goal is to size of the goal.

Question 11

Goal commitment refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming set and willing to expend effort to achieve a goal. 
B)  computing the difficulty level of the goal. 
C)  evaluating the valence level of a goal. 
D)  whether a goal is viewed as avoiding a loss or as a gain. 
A)  becoming set and willing to expend effort to achieve a goal. 
B)  computing the difficulty level of the goal. 
C)  evaluating the valence level of a goal. 
D)  whether a goal is viewed as avoiding a loss or as a gain.

Question 12

How can goal achievement behavior be promoted or stimulated?

Accepted Answer

A)  discount the value of the goal 
B)  procrastinate on the goal-achievement behavior 
C)  reduce the number of subgoals 
D)  make the goal-achievement behavior enjoyable 
A)  discount the value of the goal 
B)  procrastinate on the goal-achievement behavior 
C)  reduce the number of subgoals 
D)  make the goal-achievement behavior enjoyable

Question 13

What goal characteristic results in the greatest degree of goal-achievement behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  difficult rather than easy goals 
B)  avoidance rather than approach goals 
C)  extrinsic rather than intrinsic goals 
D)  do your-best goals rather than precise high-level goals 
A)  difficult rather than easy goals 
B)  avoidance rather than approach goals 
C)  extrinsic rather than intrinsic goals 
D)  do your-best goals rather than precise high-level goals

Question 14

How is valence related to goal motivation? Valence

Accepted Answer

A)  means how much a goal is valued. 
B)  determines whether a goal is available for commitment. 
C)  refers to the number of people who are in pursuit of the goal. 
D)  refers to the subjective likelihood that the goal will be achieved. 
A)  means how much a goal is valued. 
B)  determines whether a goal is available for commitment. 
C)  refers to the number of people who are in pursuit of the goal. 
D)  refers to the subjective likelihood that the goal will be achieved.

Question 15

What are the characteristics of role models that make them sources of goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Role models can inspire or motivate people. 
B)  Role models show what is possible for a person to achieve. 
C)  Role models exhibit the behavior that is necessary for achievement. 
D)  All of the above answers. 
A)  Role models can inspire or motivate people. 
B)  Role models show what is possible for a person to achieve. 
C)  Role models exhibit the behavior that is necessary for achievement. 
D)  All of the above answers.

Question 16

a. What is the reference point for goal achievement behavior in the to-go perspective and in the to-date perspective? And how is progress measured in each perspective?
b. As a person gets closer and closer to achieving her goal, why does her motivation increase in the to-go perspective but decreases in the to-date perspective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of a. What is the reference point for...

Question 17

How is progress toward a goal described in the to-go perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  How many competing goals a person has overcome toward achieving the final goal. 
B)  How much an individual has yet to achieve on the way toward achieving the final goal. 
C)  How much feedback a person has received. 
D)  How much an individual has already achieved on the way toward achieving the final goal. 
A)  How many competing goals a person has overcome toward achieving the final goal. 
B)  How much an individual has yet to achieve on the way toward achieving the final goal. 
C)  How much feedback a person has received. 
D)  How much an individual has already achieved on the way toward achieving the final goal.

Question 18

What is the effect of level of aspiration on goal motivation? The level of aspiration determines

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of subgoals. 
B)  the specificity of a goal. 
C)  the level or difficulty of a person's goal. 
D)  a person's level of commitment toward a goal. 
A)  the number of subgoals. 
B)  the specificity of a goal. 
C)  the level or difficulty of a person's goal. 
D)  a person's level of commitment toward a goal.

Question 19

Let us assume that you are faced with two prospects of losing money: A and B. Prospect A is a 90% chance of losing $500. Prospect B is a 45% chance of losing $1000.
Expected utility theory predicts that individuals will be more likely to choose which prospect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prospect A 
B)  Prospect B 
C)  both prospects equally 
A)  Prospect A 
B)  Prospect B 
C)  both prospects equally

Question 20

According to expected utility theory, on what basis does a person select a goal? A person selects a goal

Accepted Answer

A)  that is the easiest to achieve. 
B)  that has the highest utility. 
C)  that has the highest probability of being achieved. 
D)  that has the highest utility X highest probability of being achieved. D 
A)  that is the easiest to achieve. 
B)  that has the highest utility. 
C)  that has the highest probability of being achieved. 
D)  that has the highest utility X highest probability of being achieved. D

How does self-efficacy contribute to goal choice or goal achievement?

Which of the following situations leads to the strongest or most persistent behavior regarding goal achievement? Most persistent goal-achievement behavior occurs when

A person can increase his/her commitment to a goal by

What is the function of a subgoal for the achievement of a final goal?

Mindset theory of action involves

Goal achievement behavior results in goal achievement when

Progress toward achieving a goal is based on _______________ the discrepancy between one's current state and goal state.

What property or function do goals have? Goals have

What does expectancy value theory and expected utility theory describe?

Goal valence is to achievement valence as

Goal commitment refers to

How can goal achievement behavior be promoted or stimulated?

What goal characteristic results in the greatest degree of goal-achievement behavior?

How is valence related to goal motivation? Valence

What are the characteristics of role models that make them sources of goals?

How is progress toward a goal described in the to-go perspective?

What is the effect of level of aspiration on goal motivation? The level of aspiration determines

Let us assume that you are faced with two prospects of losing money: A and B. Prospect A is a 90% chance of losing $500. Prospect B is a 45% chance of losing $1000. Expected utility theory predicts that individuals will be more likely to choose which prospect?

According to expected utility theory, on what basis does a person select a goal? A person selects a goal

Introduction to Motivation and Emotion

Evolutionary Antecedents of Motivation

Addictions and Addictive Behaviors

Homeostasis: Temperature, Thirst, Hunger, and Eating

Behavior, Arousal, and Affective Valence

Stress, Coping and Health

Psychological Needs and Motives

Personality and Motivation

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation

Emotions and Moods

Emotions As Motives

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Exam 10: Goal Motivation

How does self-efficacy contribute to goal choice or goal achievement?

Which of the following situations leads to the strongest or most persistent behavior regarding goal achievement? Most persistent goal-achievement behavior occurs when

A person can increase his/her commitment to a goal by

What is the function of a subgoal for the achievement of a final goal?

Mindset theory of action involves

Goal achievement behavior results in goal achievement when

Progress toward achieving a goal is based on _______________ the discrepancy between one's current state and goal state.

What property or function do goals have? Goals have

What does expectancy value theory and expected utility theory describe?

Goal valence is to achievement valence as

Goal commitment refers to

How can goal achievement behavior be promoted or stimulated?

What goal characteristic results in the greatest degree of goal-achievement behavior?

How is valence related to goal motivation? Valence

What are the characteristics of role models that make them sources of goals?

How is progress toward a goal described in the to-go perspective?

What is the effect of level of aspiration on goal motivation? The level of aspiration determines

Let us assume that you are faced with two prospects of losing money: A and B. Prospect A is a 90% chance of losing $500. Prospect B is a 45% chance of losing $1000. Expected utility theory predicts that individuals will be more likely to choose which prospect?

According to expected utility theory, on what basis does a person select a goal? A person selects a goal

Introduction to Motivation and Emotion

Evolutionary Antecedents of Motivation

Addictions and Addictive Behaviors

Homeostasis: Temperature, Thirst, Hunger, and Eating

Behavior, Arousal, and Affective Valence

Stress, Coping and Health

Psychological Needs and Motives

Personality and Motivation

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation

Emotions and Moods

Emotions As Motives

Filters