Question 1

What is ghrelin and what is its function? Ghrelin is

Accepted Answer

A)  a psychological variable that is associated with hunger. 
B)  a biological variable that is associated with the need to belong or to affiliate. 
C)  a biological variable that is associated with hunger. 
D)  a psychological variable that is associated with the need to belong or to affiliate. 
A)  a psychological variable that is associated with hunger. 
B)  a biological variable that is associated with the need to belong or to affiliate. 
C)  a biological variable that is associated with hunger. 
D)  a psychological variable that is associated with the need to belong or to affiliate. C

Question 2

According to the Greek philosophers Democritus and Epicurus, hedonism means

Accepted Answer

A)  that in the long run, try to have the amount of pleasure exceed the amount of pain. 
B)  that in the short run, try to have the amount of pleasure exceed the amount of pain. 
C)  to live life to the fullest each day, as if there is no tomorrow. 
D)  to be unwilling to endure a hardship that is necessary for accomplishing a goal. 
A)  that in the long run, try to have the amount of pleasure exceed the amount of pain. 
B)  that in the short run, try to have the amount of pleasure exceed the amount of pain. 
C)  to live life to the fullest each day, as if there is no tomorrow. 
D)  to be unwilling to endure a hardship that is necessary for accomplishing a goal. A

Question 3

The explanation for human nature resides in people's

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary past 
B)  anticipation of their future 
C)  agency 
D)  reinforcement history 
A)  evolutionary past 
B)  anticipation of their future 
C)  agency 
D)  reinforcement history A

Question 4

What is the relationship between emotion and motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotions have no motivating function. 
B)  Emotions provide knowledge about a person's immediate environment. 
C)  Emotions serve as motives to satisfy the aim of the emotion. 
D)  Emotion are a way of energizing and activating an individual's behavior, but without purpose 
A)  Emotions have no motivating function. 
B)  Emotions provide knowledge about a person's immediate environment. 
C)  Emotions serve as motives to satisfy the aim of the emotion. 
D)  Emotion are a way of energizing and activating an individual's behavior, but without purpose

Question 5

The valence of an incentive or valence of a goal refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the positive quality of an incentive or goal 
B)  the negative quality of an incentive or goal 
C)  either the positive or negative quality of an incentive or goal 
D)  how far in the future an incentive or goal becomes available 
A)  the positive quality of an incentive or goal 
B)  the negative quality of an incentive or goal 
C)  either the positive or negative quality of an incentive or goal 
D)  how far in the future an incentive or goal becomes available

Question 6

In emotion, what does affect refer to? Affect refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological arousal 
B)  subjective feelings 
C)  facial expressions 
D)  tendency to act 
A)  physiological arousal 
B)  subjective feelings 
C)  facial expressions 
D)  tendency to act

Question 7

Motive is to incentive as

Accepted Answer

A)  pull is to push. 
B)  push is to pull. 
C)  the future is to the present. 
D)  good grades are to valuing grades. 
A)  pull is to push. 
B)  push is to pull. 
C)  the future is to the present. 
D)  good grades are to valuing grades.

Question 8

Selection by consequences means or refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  goal success choosing goal-achievement behavior 
B)  variation in people's behavior in a particular situation 
C)  affective forecasting determining a person's preferences 
D)  natural selection 
A)  goal success choosing goal-achievement behavior 
B)  variation in people's behavior in a particular situation 
C)  affective forecasting determining a person's preferences 
D)  natural selection

Question 9

What does simulation refer to in regards to motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  That a goal pushes a person into action 
B)  That a person experiences a fraction of actual consummatory behavior 
C)  That a person visualizes, mentally interacts with, and imagines the end-state of motivation 
D)  That a person becomes energized to engage in instrumental behavior 
A)  That a goal pushes a person into action 
B)  That a person experiences a fraction of actual consummatory behavior 
C)  That a person visualizes, mentally interacts with, and imagines the end-state of motivation 
D)  That a person becomes energized to engage in instrumental behavior

Question 10

During affective forecasting, a person is

Accepted Answer

A)  trying to determine how to achieve a goal. 
B)  trying to decide what goal to pursue. 
C)  experiencing an emotion. 
D)  trying to predict his/her future feelings. 
A)  trying to determine how to achieve a goal. 
B)  trying to decide what goal to pursue. 
C)  experiencing an emotion. 
D)  trying to predict his/her future feelings.

Question 11

In general, sources of motivation refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  emotions 
B)  the intelligence necessary for motivated behavior. 
C)  the origin or starting place of events that motivate behavior. 
D)  the behaviors that indicate or measure motivation. 
A)  emotions 
B)  the intelligence necessary for motivated behavior. 
C)  the origin or starting place of events that motivate behavior. 
D)  the behaviors that indicate or measure motivation.

Question 12

a. Discuss why motives are a case of push motivation and incentives are a case of pull motivation.
b. Is it necessary for both a motive and incentive to be present in order for behavior to occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of a. Discuss why motives are a case...

Question 13

What are individuals doing when engaged in interoception? Individuals are

Accepted Answer

A)  trying to understand the nature of an incentive 
B)  trying to match what they hear with what they see 
C)  aware of how their facial expressions affect other individuals 
D)  being aware of their internal states like hunger or anxiety 
A)  trying to understand the nature of an incentive 
B)  trying to match what they hear with what they see 
C)  aware of how their facial expressions affect other individuals 
D)  being aware of their internal states like hunger or anxiety

Question 14

Population thinking assumes that

Accepted Answer

A)  different populations or groups of people differ in what motivates them. 
B)  populations can become extinct if they do not adapt to their environment. 
C)  every person in a population is different in what motivates him or her. 
D)  the sample statistics are identical to population statistics. 
A)  different populations or groups of people differ in what motivates them. 
B)  populations can become extinct if they do not adapt to their environment. 
C)  every person in a population is different in what motivates him or her. 
D)  the sample statistics are identical to population statistics.

Question 15

Variation in Darwin's theory of evolution refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment favoring some physical traits over other traits for survival. 
B)  children receiving different amounts of a physical trait from each parent. 
C)  differences among humans in the extent of some physical trait. 
D)  physical traits being inherited from one generation to the next. 
A)  the environment favoring some physical traits over other traits for survival. 
B)  children receiving different amounts of a physical trait from each parent. 
C)  differences among humans in the extent of some physical trait. 
D)  physical traits being inherited from one generation to the next.

Question 16

In the theory of motivational readiness, what is an affordance?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a possible incentive. 
B)  It is a boost in tension. 
C)  It refers motivation in the absence of a goal. 
D)  It refers to the stimulus aspect of a psychological need. 
A)  It is a possible incentive. 
B)  It is a boost in tension. 
C)  It refers motivation in the absence of a goal. 
D)  It refers to the stimulus aspect of a psychological need.

Question 17

Consummatory behavior refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  eating a food reward. 
B)  working to attain a food reward. 
C)  behavior that completes a motivational sequence. 
D)  choosing which motive to satisfy. 
A)  eating a food reward. 
B)  working to attain a food reward. 
C)  behavior that completes a motivational sequence. 
D)  choosing which motive to satisfy.

Question 18

End-states (incentives, goals) motivate individuals to attain/achieve them. The further away in time end-states are

Accepted Answer

A)  the more valuable they are 
B)  the less their power to motivate 
C)  the more their power to motivate 
D)  does not determine how motivating they are 
A)  the more valuable they are 
B)  the less their power to motivate 
C)  the more their power to motivate 
D)  does not determine how motivating they are

Question 19

What statement best illustrates the concept of instrumental behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  studying in order to pass a motivation test 
B)  thinking about the day's events 
C)  exercising 3 days per week, 1 hour daily 
D)  consummatory behavior with an incentive 
A)  studying in order to pass a motivation test 
B)  thinking about the day's events 
C)  exercising 3 days per week, 1 hour daily 
D)  consummatory behavior with an incentive

Question 20

To motivate means

Accepted Answer

A)  to be moved to do something. 
B)  to want to do something. 
C)  to be able to do something. 
D)  to know how to do something. 
A)  to be moved to do something. 
B)  to want to do something. 
C)  to be able to do something. 
D)  to know how to do something.

What is ghrelin and what is its function? Ghrelin is

According to the Greek philosophers Democritus and Epicurus, hedonism means

The explanation for human nature resides in people's

What is the relationship between emotion and motivation?

The valence of an incentive or valence of a goal refers to

In emotion, what does affect refer to? Affect refers to

Motive is to incentive as

Selection by consequences means or refers to

What does simulation refer to in regards to motivation?

During affective forecasting, a person is

In general, sources of motivation refer to

a. Discuss why motives are a case of push motivation and incentives are a case of pull motivation. b. Is it necessary for both a motive and incentive to be present in order for behavior to occur?

What are individuals doing when engaged in interoception? Individuals are

Population thinking assumes that

Variation in Darwin's theory of evolution refers to

In the theory of motivational readiness, what is an affordance?

Consummatory behavior refers to

End-states (incentives, goals) motivate individuals to attain/achieve them. The further away in time end-states are

What statement best illustrates the concept of instrumental behavior?

To motivate means

Evolutionary Antecedents of Motivation

Addictions and Addictive Behaviors

Homeostasis: Temperature, Thirst, Hunger, and Eating

Behavior, Arousal, and Affective Valence

Stress, Coping and Health

Psychological Needs and Motives

Personality and Motivation

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation

Goal Motivation

Emotions and Moods

Emotions As Motives

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction to Motivation and Emotion

What is ghrelin and what is its function? Ghrelin is

According to the Greek philosophers Democritus and Epicurus, hedonism means

The explanation for human nature resides in people's

What is the relationship between emotion and motivation?

The valence of an incentive or valence of a goal refers to

In emotion, what does affect refer to? Affect refers to

Motive is to incentive as

Selection by consequences means or refers to

What does simulation refer to in regards to motivation?

During affective forecasting, a person is

In general, sources of motivation refer to

a. Discuss why motives are a case of push motivation and incentives are a case of pull motivation. b. Is it necessary for both a motive and incentive to be present in order for behavior to occur?

What are individuals doing when engaged in interoception? Individuals are

Population thinking assumes that

Variation in Darwin's theory of evolution refers to

In the theory of motivational readiness, what is an affordance?

Consummatory behavior refers to

End-states (incentives, goals) motivate individuals to attain/achieve them. The further away in time end-states are

What statement best illustrates the concept of instrumental behavior?

To motivate means

Evolutionary Antecedents of Motivation

Addictions and Addictive Behaviors

Homeostasis: Temperature, Thirst, Hunger, and Eating

Behavior, Arousal, and Affective Valence

Stress, Coping and Health

Psychological Needs and Motives

Personality and Motivation

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation

Goal Motivation

Emotions and Moods

Emotions As Motives

Filters