Exam 9: Interrogation of Suspects and Hostile Witnesses

According to the authors, perhaps the most suitable means for demonstrating that an interrogation was conducted using civilized police practices and that a confession is trustworthy and voluntary is to

From the outset, if a person in custody is to be subjected to an interrogation, s/he must first be informed in clear and unequivocal terms that s/he has the right to

Horowitz's Five Basic Concepts are accusation, available evidence, friendly and hostile forces, guilt feelings, and confession as a way out.

By varying the ___________________ or signal, Pavlov could estimate the extent of stress created from the amount of saliva produced by the animal.

A direct accusation made at the start of the interrogation process is considered to be

Assuming that dogs and other animals react to stress in a somewhat similar fashion, Pavlovian theory is not of service to investigators in fathoming why a confession may be obtained.

The right to have counsel present at the interrogation is fundamental to the protection of the ______________ Amendment.

According to the authors, a subject in a criminal investigation usually does not wish to be questioned in

An aim of judicial guidance of interrogation practices in the United States and Great Britain is to ensure that a confession is trustworthy and that it was made voluntarily.

An express or implied statement tending to support the suspect's involvement in the crime, but insufficient by itself to prove guilt, is known as a(n)

Even when the police know the identity of the killer, admissions or confessions to gangland killings are rare.

If the suspect is indeed guilty of the crime of which s/he is accused, then a confession can be obtained only through duress such as torture, brutality, and excessive or prolonged psychological pressure.

The purpose of a(n) ______________ is to elicit information from a suspect who may suppress the facts, or from people whose answers might be colored by close ties to a suspect.

The perception of an accusation during the interrogation process may cause a person's feelings of psychological freedom and movement to be curtailed.

According to the authors, an understanding of why it is possible to obtain a confession from a suspect may be found in the works of

According to Horowitz, a confession is rare when, for example, the "hit man" in a gangland killing is apprehended and questioned.

The purpose of an interview is to elicit information from a suspect who may suppress the facts, or from people whose answers might be colored by close ties to a suspect.

The practice of criminal interrogation in the United States has been significantly affected by decisions of the Supreme Court, most significantly by

In 1931, the Wickersham Commission identified ________________ as a widespread and almost universal practice of extracting confessions through police brutality.

Horowitz states that a guilty person's first response to being accused is to become