Question 1

Which research design controls for maturation as a threat to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the comparison group design 
B)  the one-group pretest-posttest design 
C)  both the comparison group design and the one-group pretest-posttest design 
D)  the B design 
A)  the comparison group design 
B)  the one-group pretest-posttest design 
C)  both the comparison group design and the one-group pretest-posttest design 
D)  the B design A

Question 2

The ______ design is an example of a research design for the evaluation of service given to a group of clients.

Accepted Answer

A)  AB 
B)  random sample 
C)  one-group pretest-posttest 
D)  limited AB 
A)  AB 
B)  random sample 
C)  one-group pretest-posttest 
D)  limited AB C

Question 3

What is one of the three conditions for determining causation?

Accepted Answer

A)  There must be a relationship between the cause and the effect. 
B)  There must be other causes of the effect that are just as important as the variable that is the potential cause. 
C)  A change in the effect must precede a change in the cause in time order. 
D)  There must be a random sample that is used to analyze causation. 
A)  There must be a relationship between the cause and the effect. 
B)  There must be other causes of the effect that are just as important as the variable that is the potential cause. 
C)  A change in the effect must precede a change in the cause in time order. 
D)  There must be a random sample that is used to analyze causation. A

Question 4

History, as a threat to internal validity, refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal growth over time 
B)  changes in the client's environment during the treatment period 
C)  changes in the client's environment before the treatment period 
D)  the effect of being tested while being treated 
A)  normal growth over time 
B)  changes in the client's environment during the treatment period 
C)  changes in the client's environment before the treatment period 
D)  the effect of being tested while being treated

Question 5

When you employ the one-group pretest-posttest research design, you engage in which steps?

Accepted Answer

A)  After you measure each client several times during a baseline period and several times during a treatment period, you compare the differences to see if there was improvement and if the data were statistically significant. 
B)  You give two groups of people a pretest and a posttest and examine the data to see if there was improvement and if the data were statistically significant. 
C)  You measure one group of clients one time before treatment begins and one time at the end of treatment and you compare the difference to see if there was improvement, and whether the data were statistically significant. 
D)  You measure a single client one time before treatment begins and several times during the treatment period and examine the data to see if there was improvement and if the data were statistically significant. 
A)  After you measure each client several times during a baseline period and several times during a treatment period, you compare the differences to see if there was improvement and if the data were statistically significant. 
B)  You give two groups of people a pretest and a posttest and examine the data to see if there was improvement and if the data were statistically significant. 
C)  You measure one group of clients one time before treatment begins and one time at the end of treatment and you compare the difference to see if there was improvement, and whether the data were statistically significant. 
D)  You measure a single client one time before treatment begins and several times during the treatment period and examine the data to see if there was improvement and if the data were statistically significant.

Question 6

If job satisfaction is the cause of job performance, you would find research studies that revealed that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  marital harmony was found to be correlated with job satisfaction 
B)  changes in job performance were found to follow changes in job satisfaction 
C)  changes in job satisfaction were found to follow changes in job performance 
D)  job satisfaction was found to be correlated with work satisfaction 
A)  marital harmony was found to be correlated with job satisfaction 
B)  changes in job performance were found to follow changes in job satisfaction 
C)  changes in job satisfaction were found to follow changes in job performance 
D)  job satisfaction was found to be correlated with work satisfaction

Question 7

You find that maturation is a threat to the internal validity and should be a special concern in your proposed study. However, the only feasible design in this situation doesn't control the threat of maturation. What should you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  You should not conduct an evaluation study in this situation. 
B)  You should conduct the study with the feasible design and you do not need to worry about this problem as a major limitation of your study methods. 
C)  You should conduct the study with the best design that is feasible and report its failure to address maturation as a major limitation of your study methods. 
D)  You should encourage others to conduct this study for you and let them worry about threats to internal validity. 
A)  You should not conduct an evaluation study in this situation. 
B)  You should conduct the study with the feasible design and you do not need to worry about this problem as a major limitation of your study methods. 
C)  You should conduct the study with the best design that is feasible and report its failure to address maturation as a major limitation of your study methods. 
D)  You should encourage others to conduct this study for you and let them worry about threats to internal validity.

Question 8

What are some of the most important things that indicate whether maturation should be a threat to internal validity of special concern in a given situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the duration of the treatment and the sampling method employed 
B)  the reliability and the validity of the tool used to measure client progress 
C)  the sampling method employed and the time between measurements 
D)  the length of time the target behavior has been experienced and the length of time of the intervention 
A)  the duration of the treatment and the sampling method employed 
B)  the reliability and the validity of the tool used to measure client progress 
C)  the sampling method employed and the time between measurements 
D)  the length of time the target behavior has been experienced and the length of time of the intervention

Question 9

The better your research design, the better you are able to claim that your data cannot be explained by chance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In which of the following situations is it most likely that maturation is a probable threat to internal validity and should be a special concern when selecting a research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  You will provide a 6-week treatment for a group of depressed clients who have been depressed for a minimum of a year. 
B)  You will provide a 1-year treatment program for a group of people who have recently (within the past month) lost a spouse to death. You will measure depression as the vehicle of success. 
C)  You will provide tutoring to a group of at-risk middle school students for 8 weeks and you will compare their grades during the current 8-week grading period to the previous 8-week grading period. These clients have been experiencing poor grades for at least a year. 
D)  You will measure knowledge of job hunting skills once at the beginning of a 3-hr training session for unemployed clients and again at the end of this training session. 
A)  You will provide a 6-week treatment for a group of depressed clients who have been depressed for a minimum of a year. 
B)  You will provide a 1-year treatment program for a group of people who have recently (within the past month) lost a spouse to death. You will measure depression as the vehicle of success. 
C)  You will provide tutoring to a group of at-risk middle school students for 8 weeks and you will compare their grades during the current 8-week grading period to the previous 8-week grading period. These clients have been experiencing poor grades for at least a year. 
D)  You will measure knowledge of job hunting skills once at the beginning of a 3-hr training session for unemployed clients and again at the end of this training session.

Question 11

Which of these evaluative research designs does the best job of supporting the argument that it was the treatment that caused the measured client growth in the research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  the one-group pretest-posttest design 
B)  the alternative treatment design 
C)  the basic experimental design 
D)  the B design 
A)  the one-group pretest-posttest design 
B)  the alternative treatment design 
C)  the basic experimental design 
D)  the B design

Question 12

Suppose you need to evaluate your practice where you are treating a group of 12 victims of violent crimes. These clients were victimized at some time in the past 3 months and they are experiencing anxiety as a result, and you will measure anxiety as one means of evaluating the success of your service. You are providing a group treatment intervention where you will meet with your 12 clients once per week for a period of 6 months. You have four questions to answer: 
(1) What are the two criteria for selecting a research design that you should answer? 
(2) How do you answer these two questions in this situation? 
(3) What research design do you think would be feasible in the typical practice situation where you faced this situation? 
(4) Does this design control for the threats that should be of special concern?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you need to evaluate your practice...

Question 13

One way of classifying various group research designs is to place them into the categories of (1) preexperimental designs, (2) quasi-experimental designs, and (3) experimental designs. Describe the distinction between these categories of research designs and give one example of each type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One way of classifying various group research...

Question 14

Which of the following statements about internal validity is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  One of the most important threats to internal validity is being unable to generalize findings on a scientific basis. 
B)  The sophistication of the statistical test we employ is a major indicator of the extent that threats to internal validity exist in our situation. 
C)  The better our sampling method, the more we need to be concerned with threats to internal validity. 
D)  When we speak of threats to internal validity, we are speaking of probabilities, not possibilities. 
A)  One of the most important threats to internal validity is being unable to generalize findings on a scientific basis. 
B)  The sophistication of the statistical test we employ is a major indicator of the extent that threats to internal validity exist in our situation. 
C)  The better our sampling method, the more we need to be concerned with threats to internal validity. 
D)  When we speak of threats to internal validity, we are speaking of probabilities, not possibilities.

Question 15

______ designs do the best job of controlling for threats to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimental 
B)  Preexperimental 
C)  Nonexperimental 
D)  Quasi-experimental 
A)  Experimental 
B)  Preexperimental 
C)  Nonexperimental 
D)  Quasi-experimental

Question 16

What tasks should you complete before you choose the research design for your evaluation study?

Accepted Answer

A)  select the statistic to test your study hypothesis and analyze your data 
B)  determine the target behavior, the study population, and the tool for measuring client progress 
C)  connect your knowledge base to the study conclusions you will draw 
D)  collect and analyze your data 
A)  select the statistic to test your study hypothesis and analyze your data 
B)  determine the target behavior, the study population, and the tool for measuring client progress 
C)  connect your knowledge base to the study conclusions you will draw 
D)  collect and analyze your data

Question 17

There are three conditions for determining causation in research: (1) there must be a relationship between the cause and the effect; (2) a change in the cause must precede a change in the effect in time order; and (3) you must rule out other causes of the effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The measurement structure of the group research design that is labeled the posttest-only research design is that a single group of clients are measured on the target behavior only at the end of the treatment period. Describe the measurement structure of each of these research designs: (1) the one-group pretest-posttest design, (2) the comparison group design, and (3) the alternative treatment design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The measurement structure of the group research...

Question 19

According to the book, we should focus our attention on identifying those threats to internal validity that should be of special concern in our specific situation, rather than all threats to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What are the general types of research designs for the evaluation of human services?

Accepted Answer

A)  group research designs and hyperbolic research designs 
B)  group research designs and single-subject research designs 
C)  single-subject research designs and single-system research designs 
D)  single-subject research designs, group research designs, and hyperbolic research designs 
A)  group research designs and hyperbolic research designs 
B)  group research designs and single-subject research designs 
C)  single-subject research designs and single-system research designs 
D)  single-subject research designs, group research designs, and hyperbolic research designs

Which research design controls for maturation as a threat to internal validity?

The ______ design is an example of a research design for the evaluation of service given to a group of clients.

What is one of the three conditions for determining causation?

History, as a threat to internal validity, refers to ______.

When you employ the one-group pretest-posttest research design, you engage in which steps?

If job satisfaction is the cause of job performance, you would find research studies that revealed that ______.

You find that maturation is a threat to the internal validity and should be a special concern in your proposed study. However, the only feasible design in this situation doesn't control the threat of maturation. What should you do?

What are some of the most important things that indicate whether maturation should be a threat to internal validity of special concern in a given situation?

The better your research design, the better you are able to claim that your data cannot be explained by chance.

In which of the following situations is it most likely that maturation is a probable threat to internal validity and should be a special concern when selecting a research design?

Which of these evaluative research designs does the best job of supporting the argument that it was the treatment that caused the measured client growth in the research study?

One way of classifying various group research designs is to place them into the categories of (1) preexperimental designs, (2) quasi-experimental designs, and (3) experimental designs. Describe the distinction between these categories of research designs and give one example of each type.

Which of the following statements about internal validity is true?

______ designs do the best job of controlling for threats to internal validity.

What tasks should you complete before you choose the research design for your evaluation study?

There are three conditions for determining causation in research: (1) there must be a relationship between the cause and the effect; (2) a change in the cause must precede a change in the effect in time order; and (3) you must rule out other causes of the effect.

According to the book, we should focus our attention on identifying those threats to internal validity that should be of special concern in our specific situation, rather than all threats to internal validity.

What are the general types of research designs for the evaluation of human services?

Science, Research, and Social Work Practice

Purposes and Processes of Social Work Research

Ethics and Cultural Competence in Social Work Research

Evidence-Based Practice

Conducting Research That Employs Social Surveys

Conducting Research That Describes People: What Are the Traits That Describe the Good Manager

Conducting Research That Explains Things: What Explains Life Satisfaction

Conducting Research That Evaluates Services

Conducting Qualitative Research That Explores the Unknown

Conducting Program Evaluations

Developing Your Knowledge Base and Intervention

Drawing Your Study Sample

Measuring Your Study Variables

Selecting a Research Design for a Single Client

Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions

Analyzing Qualitative Data

Filters

Exam 14: Selecting a Research Design for a Group Evaluation Study

Which research design controls for maturation as a threat to internal validity?

The ______ design is an example of a research design for the evaluation of service given to a group of clients.

What is one of the three conditions for determining causation?

History, as a threat to internal validity, refers to ______.

When you employ the one-group pretest-posttest research design, you engage in which steps?

If job satisfaction is the cause of job performance, you would find research studies that revealed that ______.

You find that maturation is a threat to the internal validity and should be a special concern in your proposed study. However, the only feasible design in this situation doesn't control the threat of maturation. What should you do?

What are some of the most important things that indicate whether maturation should be a threat to internal validity of special concern in a given situation?

The better your research design, the better you are able to claim that your data cannot be explained by chance.

In which of the following situations is it most likely that maturation is a probable threat to internal validity and should be a special concern when selecting a research design?

Which of these evaluative research designs does the best job of supporting the argument that it was the treatment that caused the measured client growth in the research study?

One way of classifying various group research designs is to place them into the categories of (1) preexperimental designs, (2) quasi-experimental designs, and (3) experimental designs. Describe the distinction between these categories of research designs and give one example of each type.

Which of the following statements about internal validity is true?

______ designs do the best job of controlling for threats to internal validity.

What tasks should you complete before you choose the research design for your evaluation study?

There are three conditions for determining causation in research: (1) there must be a relationship between the cause and the effect; (2) a change in the cause must precede a change in the effect in time order; and (3) you must rule out other causes of the effect.

According to the book, we should focus our attention on identifying those threats to internal validity that should be of special concern in our specific situation, rather than all threats to internal validity.

What are the general types of research designs for the evaluation of human services?

Science, Research, and Social Work Practice

Purposes and Processes of Social Work Research

Ethics and Cultural Competence in Social Work Research

Evidence-Based Practice

Conducting Research That Employs Social Surveys

Conducting Research That Describes People: What Are the Traits That Describe the Good Manager

Conducting Research That Explains Things: What Explains Life Satisfaction

Conducting Research That Evaluates Services

Conducting Qualitative Research That Explores the Unknown

Conducting Program Evaluations

Developing Your Knowledge Base and Intervention

Drawing Your Study Sample

Measuring Your Study Variables

Selecting a Research Design for a Single Client

Analyzing Data and Drawing Conclusions

Analyzing Qualitative Data

Filters