Exam 1: Probable Cause

The ________ test for probable cause encourages an excessively technical dissection of the tips of an informant.

Evidence that may not be admissible in a trial may be used by the police to establish probable cause.

Probable cause is subjective because its precise meaning may vary from one person to another.

Under the two-pronged test, probable cause based on information obtained from an informant could only be established through:

For arrests and searches with a warrant, the police officer has to prove probable cause after the warrant is issued.

The ________ test for probable cause permits a balanced assessment of the relative weights of all the various indicia of reliability (and unreliability) attending an informant's tip.

The two-pronged independent test used to establish probable cause was replaced by the "totality of circumstances" test.

Which case law gives officers some flexibility in determining the offense to be charged after an arrest?

A person can be stopped and briefly detained by a police officer for investigative purposes if there is ________ of criminal activity.

In which of the following situations is probable cause used?

Probable cause is defined as:

A warrantless arrest is constitutional as long as ________ existed for any offense at the time of the arrest.

In ________, the Supreme Court ruled that the two-pronged test for probable cause established in previous cases was to be abandoned in favor of a "totality of circumstances" approach.

In Draper v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that ________ evidence may be used by police to establish probable cause.

Information from an informant that is corroborated by an officer is never sufficient to provide probable cause for an arrest.

Mere allegations of wrongdoing are sufficient to establish probable cause.