Exam 4: Hypothesis Testing

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If the ui's are binomially distributed, then β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } will be biased.

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Assumption 1 of the CLRM is necessary but not sufficient to prove that β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is best.

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What is a Monte Carlo study? In addition, give examples. Why are these studies useful?

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A Monte Carlo study is a statistics study that draws repeated samples from a known population and then analyzes the characteristics of the samples. For example, one may draw repeated samples of 3 from a deck of 9 playing cards (all the hearts from 2 through 10). The average value of the 9 cards is 6. The mean value of a typical sample draw will approach 6 as well as the number of draws approaches infinity. This Monte Carlo experiment shows that the mean value of a sample of 3 cards is an unbiased estimator of the population mean. Another example would be a computer simulation where a sample of 40 observations on X and Y is considered the population. A regression is run to ascertain the values of β^0\hat { \beta } _ { 0 } and β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } . Then 10,000 samples of n=20 can be obtained and β^0\hat { \beta } _ { 0 } and β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } calculated for each. The average of these 10,000 β^0\hat { \beta } _ { 0 } s and β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } s should equal the population values of β0\beta _ { 0 } and β1\beta _ { 1 } if the estimation technique is unbiased. Monte Carlo studies are useful because they can assess the properties of statistical estimators and tests.

Assumption 4 of the CLRM is necessary but not sufficient to prove that β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is linear.

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Assumption 1 of the CLRM (Classical Linear Regression Model) is necessary but not sufficient to prove that β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is linear.

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Serial correlation results in inefficient estimates of the structural parameters.

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TYPE I errors will be more likely in the presence of multicollinearity.

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Multicollinearity can lead to unexpected signs on regression coefficients.

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Explain why calculating VIFs is a more thorough test for multicollinearity than considering correlation coefficients.

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If E[ β^1β1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } - \beta _ { 1 } ] = 0, then β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is unbiased.

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β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is BLUE in the presence of perfect multicollinearity.

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Assumption 2 of the CLRM is necessary but not sufficient to prove that β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is unbiased.

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Assumption 2 of the CLRM is necessary but not sufficient to prove that β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is linear.

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Assumption 2 of the CLRM is necessary but not sufficient to prove that β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is best.

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Assumption 3 of the CLRM is necessary but not sufficient to prove that β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } isunbiased.

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Assumption 3 of the CLRM is necessary but not sufficient to prove that β^1\hat { \beta } _ { 1 } is best.

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Prove that the following equation is undefined in the presence of perfect multicollinearity.

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What is data mining? Explain why hypothesis tests, such as a test of significance, are invalid when data have been mined. Defend data mining as an econometric technique.

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ui ~ N(0, σ\sigma 2) indicates that the true error terms are normally distributed with an expected value of 0 and that each true error term has a variance equal to some constant, σ\sigma 2.

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If a regression is in the incorrect functional form, explain why it is unlikely that E[uiXi] = 0. If a regression is in the incorrect functional form, explain why it is unlikely that E[u<sub>i</sub><sub>│</sub>X<sub>i</sub>] = 0.

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