Question 1

What is the mechanism action of heparin?

Accepted Answer

A) Directly inhibits thrombin formation 
B) Inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin 
C) Dissolves the formed fibrin 
D) Block factor Xa 
A) Directly inhibits thrombin formation 
B) Inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin 
C) Dissolves the formed fibrin 
D) Block factor Xa

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of beta channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

A) Impotence 
B) Bradycardia 
C) Hypertension 
D) Hypotension 
A) Impotence 
B) Bradycardia 
C) Hypertension 
D) Hypotension

Question 3

Which of the following options can be used to prevent the development of aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

A) Regular use of aspirin, taking proper rest and ensuring enough sleep 
B) Proper control of blood pressure, avoid smoking, avoid straining, maintain proper cholesterol level, exercise regularly 
C) Regular anticoagulation and maintain proper cholesterol level 
D) Proper control of blood pressure and use of stimulant drugs 
A) Regular use of aspirin, taking proper rest and ensuring enough sleep 
B) Proper control of blood pressure, avoid smoking, avoid straining, maintain proper cholesterol level, exercise regularly 
C) Regular anticoagulation and maintain proper cholesterol level 
D) Proper control of blood pressure and use of stimulant drugs

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a patient who has had cardiac surgery, and the nurse notes that the chest tube drainage has decreased, and the patient has muffled heart sounds and pulsus paradoxus. Which of the following echocardiographic findings suggest a diagnosis of cardiac tamponade?

Accepted Answer

A) Exaggerated increase in left ventricular outflow tract velocity during inspiration 
B) Exaggerated increase in mitral flow velocity during inspiration 
C) Collapse of right ventricular outflow tract during early diastole 
D) Exaggerated decrease in mitral flow velocity during inspiration 
A) Exaggerated increase in left ventricular outflow tract velocity during inspiration 
B) Exaggerated increase in mitral flow velocity during inspiration 
C) Collapse of right ventricular outflow tract during early diastole 
D) Exaggerated decrease in mitral flow velocity during inspiration

Question 5

A hypertensive patient who has elevated serum cholesterol wants to get screened for endothelial dysfunction. Which of the following methods can be used for diagnostic screening of endothelial dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A) Iontophoresis with acetylcholine, intra-arterial administration of vasoactive agents, localized heating of the skin, and temporary arterial occlusion using a blood pressure cuff 
B) Iontophoresis with acetylcholine, intra-venous administration of vasoactive agents 
C) Iontophoresis with acetylcholine, intra-venous administration of vasoactive agents, exposing the skin to cold 
D) Iontophoresis with adrenaline, intra-arterial administration of vasoactive agents 
A) Iontophoresis with acetylcholine, intra-arterial administration of vasoactive agents, localized heating of the skin, and temporary arterial occlusion using a blood pressure cuff 
B) Iontophoresis with acetylcholine, intra-venous administration of vasoactive agents 
C) Iontophoresis with acetylcholine, intra-venous administration of vasoactive agents, exposing the skin to cold 
D) Iontophoresis with adrenaline, intra-arterial administration of vasoactive agents

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct follow-up protocol for a patient who has had PCTA of the carotid artery?

Accepted Answer

A) Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging every 6 months 
B) Examination 1-week post-procedure to check neurological status, Doppler ultrasound every 3 to 6 months then every year, magnetic resonance imaging 3 months post-procedure 
C) Echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound 1 week post-procedure and then every 6 months 
D) Echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging at 1 week post-procedure and then every year 
A) Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging every 6 months 
B) Examination 1-week post-procedure to check neurological status, Doppler ultrasound every 3 to 6 months then every year, magnetic resonance imaging 3 months post-procedure 
C) Echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound 1 week post-procedure and then every 6 months 
D) Echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging at 1 week post-procedure and then every year

Question 7

Which of the following defects are present in tetralogy of Fallot?

Accepted Answer

A) Large ASD, tricuspid atresia, RV outflow tract obstruction, and RVH 
B) Hypoplasia of the right ventricular infundibulum producing a large VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and RVH 
C) Large VSD, ostium primum ASD, hypoplasia of left ventricle, pulmonary atresia 
D) Ostium secundum ASD, pulmonary atresia, hypoplastic right ventricle, overriding of aorta 
A) Large ASD, tricuspid atresia, RV outflow tract obstruction, and RVH 
B) Hypoplasia of the right ventricular infundibulum producing a large VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and RVH 
C) Large VSD, ostium primum ASD, hypoplasia of left ventricle, pulmonary atresia 
D) Ostium secundum ASD, pulmonary atresia, hypoplastic right ventricle, overriding of aorta

Question 8

Calcium channel blockers act by antagonizing the L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. What are the effects on cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased cardiac muscle contractility, increased SA pacemaker rate, and increased atrioventricular conduction velocity in cardiac tissue 
B) Increased cardiac muscle contractility, increased SA pacemaker rate, and decreased atrioventricular conduction velocity in cardiac tissue 
C) Reduced cardiac muscle contractility, increased SA pacemaker rate, and increased atrioventricular conduction velocity in cardiac tissue 
D) Reduced cardiac muscle contractility, decreased SA pacemaker rate, and decreased atrioventricular conduction velocity in cardiac tissue 
A) Increased cardiac muscle contractility, increased SA pacemaker rate, and increased atrioventricular conduction velocity in cardiac tissue 
B) Increased cardiac muscle contractility, increased SA pacemaker rate, and decreased atrioventricular conduction velocity in cardiac tissue 
C) Reduced cardiac muscle contractility, increased SA pacemaker rate, and increased atrioventricular conduction velocity in cardiac tissue 
D) Reduced cardiac muscle contractility, decreased SA pacemaker rate, and decreased atrioventricular conduction velocity in cardiac tissue

Question 9

Which of the following is not an inotropic drug?

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiac glycosides 
B) Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 
C) Calcium channel blockers 
D) Sympathomimetics 
A) Cardiac glycosides 
B) Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 
C) Calcium channel blockers 
D) Sympathomimetics

Question 10

Which of the following pharmacologic agents are used in treatment of vasculitis?

Accepted Answer

A) Heparin, morphine, beta-blockers 
B) Corticosteroids, azathioprine, heparin, aspirin 
C) Corticosteroids, methotrexate, clopidogrel 
D) Warfarin, morphine, enoxaparin 
A) Heparin, morphine, beta-blockers 
B) Corticosteroids, azathioprine, heparin, aspirin 
C) Corticosteroids, methotrexate, clopidogrel 
D) Warfarin, morphine, enoxaparin

Question 11

Which of the following sentences is not true about first-degree heart block?

Accepted Answer

A) Prevalence is higher among elderly patients with other cardiovascular comorbid conditions 
B) Prevalence is higher in athletes 
C) Patients usually present with a history of dizziness and syncope 
D) Prevalence is higher in African Americans than in Caucasian Americans 
A) Prevalence is higher among elderly patients with other cardiovascular comorbid conditions 
B) Prevalence is higher in athletes 
C) Patients usually present with a history of dizziness and syncope 
D) Prevalence is higher in African Americans than in Caucasian Americans

Question 12

The 3 domains of adult learning include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive learning, sensory learning, motor learning, 
B) Cognitive learning, psychomotor learning, affective learning 
C) Psychomotor learning, psychosocial learning, behavioral learning 
D) Cognitive learning, psychosocial learning, motor learning 
A) Cognitive learning, sensory learning, motor learning, 
B) Cognitive learning, psychomotor learning, affective learning 
C) Psychomotor learning, psychosocial learning, behavioral learning 
D) Cognitive learning, psychosocial learning, motor learning

Question 13

Which of the following statements correctly describes the mechanism of action of diuretics?

Accepted Answer

A) Diuretics prevent absorption of sodium from intestine 
B) Diuretics prevent the loss of sodium from sweat 
C) Diuretics prevent reabsorption of sodium in the kidney 
D) Diuretics retain the sodium ion inside the cells 
A) Diuretics prevent absorption of sodium from intestine 
B) Diuretics prevent the loss of sodium from sweat 
C) Diuretics prevent reabsorption of sodium in the kidney 
D) Diuretics retain the sodium ion inside the cells

Question 14

Which of these medications is used to treat Raynaud's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium channel blockers, alpha blockers, vasodilators 
B) Beta blockers, vasodilators, lipid lowering agents 
C) Alpha blockers, lipid lowering agents, antioxidants 
D) Calcium channel blockers, alpha and beta agonists 
A) Calcium channel blockers, alpha blockers, vasodilators 
B) Beta blockers, vasodilators, lipid lowering agents 
C) Alpha blockers, lipid lowering agents, antioxidants 
D) Calcium channel blockers, alpha and beta agonists

Question 15

A 40-year-old male smoker complains of pain in his feet when walking, and weakness, swelling, discoloration, and ulcers on the digits. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Raynaud's disease 
B) Buerger's disease 
C) Vasculitis 
D) Deep vein thrombosis 
A) Raynaud's disease 
B) Buerger's disease 
C) Vasculitis 
D) Deep vein thrombosis

Question 16

When the patient is being monitored for cardiogenic shock with one of the devices like extracorporeal life support, left ventricular assist device, or intraaortic balloon pump, what lab value must be monitored to prevent these devices from becoming clotted?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium and sodium 
B) Prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio (INR) 
C) Cardiac markers and Troponin 
D) B-type Natriuretic Peptide 
A) Potassium and sodium 
B) Prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio (INR) 
C) Cardiac markers and Troponin 
D) B-type Natriuretic Peptide

Question 17

Dipyridamole is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Which of the following is not a mechanism of action of dipyridamole?

Accepted Answer

A) Increases cAMP levels 
B) Activating prostaglandin 
C) Activating prostacyclin 
D) Inhibiting platelet aggregation 
A) Increases cAMP levels 
B) Activating prostaglandin 
C) Activating prostacyclin 
D) Inhibiting platelet aggregation

Question 18

Which of the following surgeries is not done for correction of transposition of great arteries?

Accepted Answer

A) Arterial switch operation 
B) Senning procedure 
C) Mustard procedure 
D) Balloon septoplasty 
A) Arterial switch operation 
B) Senning procedure 
C) Mustard procedure 
D) Balloon septoplasty

Question 19

Which of the following statements correctly describes Ross procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) Replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve and replace the pulmonary valve with a semilunar homograft valve 
B) Replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own tricuspid valve and replace the tricuspid valve with a semilunar homograft valve 
C) Replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve and replace the pulmonary valve with a metallic prosthetic valve in pulmonary position 
D) Replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve and replace the pulmonary valve with a bioprosthetic valve 
A) Replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve and replace the pulmonary valve with a semilunar homograft valve 
B) Replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own tricuspid valve and replace the tricuspid valve with a semilunar homograft valve 
C) Replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve and replace the pulmonary valve with a metallic prosthetic valve in pulmonary position 
D) Replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve and replace the pulmonary valve with a bioprosthetic valve

Question 20

Which of the following diuretics is not correctly matched with its drug classification?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium-sparing diuretics - spironolactone, triamterene 
B) Loop diuretic - furosemide, ethacrynic acid 
C) Osmotic diuretics - glycerin, mannitol Loop diuretic - amiloride, indapamide 
D) Loop diuretic - amiloride, indapamide 
A) Potassium-sparing diuretics - spironolactone, triamterene 
B) Loop diuretic - furosemide, ethacrynic acid 
C) Osmotic diuretics - glycerin, mannitol Loop diuretic - amiloride, indapamide 
D) Loop diuretic - amiloride, indapamide

What is the mechanism action of heparin?

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of beta channel blockers?

Which of the following options can be used to prevent the development of aneurysm?

The nurse is caring for a patient who has had cardiac surgery, and the nurse notes that the chest tube drainage has decreased, and the patient has muffled heart sounds and pulsus paradoxus. Which of the following echocardiographic findings suggest a diagnosis of cardiac tamponade?

A hypertensive patient who has elevated serum cholesterol wants to get screened for endothelial dysfunction. Which of the following methods can be used for diagnostic screening of endothelial dysfunction?

Which of the following is the correct follow-up protocol for a patient who has had PCTA of the carotid artery?

Which of the following defects are present in tetralogy of Fallot?

Calcium channel blockers act by antagonizing the L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. What are the effects on cardiac muscle?

Which of the following is not an inotropic drug?

Which of the following pharmacologic agents are used in treatment of vasculitis?

Which of the following sentences is not true about first-degree heart block?

The 3 domains of adult learning include which of the following?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the mechanism of action of diuretics?

Which of these medications is used to treat Raynaud's disease?

A 40-year-old male smoker complains of pain in his feet when walking, and weakness, swelling, discoloration, and ulcers on the digits. What is the most likely diagnosis?

When the patient is being monitored for cardiogenic shock with one of the devices like extracorporeal life support, left ventricular assist device, or intraaortic balloon pump, what lab value must be monitored to prevent these devices from becoming clotted?

Dipyridamole is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Which of the following is not a mechanism of action of dipyridamole?

Which of the following surgeries is not done for correction of transposition of great arteries?

Which of the following statements correctly describes Ross procedure?

Which of the following diuretics is not correctly matched with its drug classification?

Intervention

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Exam 2: Problems

What is the mechanism action of heparin?

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of beta channel blockers?

Which of the following options can be used to prevent the development of aneurysm?

The nurse is caring for a patient who has had cardiac surgery, and the nurse notes that the chest tube drainage has decreased, and the patient has muffled heart sounds and pulsus paradoxus. Which of the following echocardiographic findings suggest a diagnosis of cardiac tamponade?

A hypertensive patient who has elevated serum cholesterol wants to get screened for endothelial dysfunction. Which of the following methods can be used for diagnostic screening of endothelial dysfunction?

Which of the following is the correct follow-up protocol for a patient who has had PCTA of the carotid artery?

Which of the following defects are present in tetralogy of Fallot?

Calcium channel blockers act by antagonizing the L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. What are the effects on cardiac muscle?

Which of the following is not an inotropic drug?

Which of the following pharmacologic agents are used in treatment of vasculitis?

Which of the following sentences is not true about first-degree heart block?

The 3 domains of adult learning include which of the following?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the mechanism of action of diuretics?

Which of these medications is used to treat Raynaud's disease?

A 40-year-old male smoker complains of pain in his feet when walking, and weakness, swelling, discoloration, and ulcers on the digits. What is the most likely diagnosis?

When the patient is being monitored for cardiogenic shock with one of the devices like extracorporeal life support, left ventricular assist device, or intraaortic balloon pump, what lab value must be monitored to prevent these devices from becoming clotted?

Dipyridamole is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Which of the following is not a mechanism of action of dipyridamole?

Which of the following surgeries is not done for correction of transposition of great arteries?

Which of the following statements correctly describes Ross procedure?

Which of the following diuretics is not correctly matched with its drug classification?

Intervention

Filters