Question 1

The related-samples design can ______ the power to detect an effect by making the standard error ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; smaller 
B)  increase; larger 
C)  decrease; smaller 
D)  decrease; minimal 
A)  increase; smaller 
B)  increase; larger 
C)  decrease; smaller 
D)  decrease; minimal A

Question 2

The denominator of the test statistic for a related-samples t test

Accepted Answer

A)  compares mean differences observed to the mean differences stated in a null hypothesis. 
B)  is the sum of the difference scores for each participant. 
C)  provides an estimate of the error associated with the original scores. 
D)  provides an estimate of the error associated with the difference scores. 
A)  compares mean differences observed to the mean differences stated in a null hypothesis. 
B)  is the sum of the difference scores for each participant. 
C)  provides an estimate of the error associated with the original scores. 
D)  provides an estimate of the error associated with the difference scores. D

Question 3

"Elementary school children spent significantly more time reading the presence of a teacher than when the teacher was absent,t(7)= 2.804,p 2 = .46)." In this related-samples t test,how many participants were observed?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  8 
A)  5 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  8 D

Question 4

The repeated-measures design,but not the matched-pairs design,is associated with greater power to detect an effect compared with the independent-samples design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A researcher selected a sample of 24 participants and observed their behavior at two times.The result of a related-samples t test at a .05 level of significance was t = 2.68.Which of the following correctly describes the result of this test?

Accepted Answer

A)  A related-samples t test is the correct test for this study; the result of the test is not significant. 
B)  A related-samples t test is the correct test for this study; the result of the test is significant. 
C)  The result of the test cannot be appropriately interpreted because the related-samples t test was not the correct test for this study; the researcher should have computed a two-independent-sample t test. 
D)  The result of the test cannot be appropriately interpreted because the related-samples t test was not the correct test for this study; the researcher should have computed a one-sample t test. 
A)  A related-samples t test is the correct test for this study; the result of the test is not significant. 
B)  A related-samples t test is the correct test for this study; the result of the test is significant. 
C)  The result of the test cannot be appropriately interpreted because the related-samples t test was not the correct test for this study; the researcher should have computed a two-independent-sample t test. 
D)  The result of the test cannot be appropriately interpreted because the related-samples t test was not the correct test for this study; the researcher should have computed a one-sample t test.

Question 6

To compute a related-samples t test,a researcher has to know many values.Which of the following is NOT a value that the researcher must know to compute this test?

Accepted Answer

A)  the estimated standard error for difference scores 
B)  the population variance of difference scores 
C)  the sample size or number of pairs of scores 
D)  the sample variance of difference scores 
A)  the estimated standard error for difference scores 
B)  the population variance of difference scores 
C)  the sample size or number of pairs of scores 
D)  the sample variance of difference scores

Question 7

The test statistic for the related-samples t test is equivalent to the test statistic for the two-independent-sample t test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The decision is to reject the null hypothesis for the following related-samples t test: t(23)= 2.25,p < .05 (d = 0.18).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

How does the test statistic differ for a t test using the repeated measures versus the matched-samples design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using the matched-samples design, we analyze raw scores, whereas using the repeated measures, we analyze difference scores before computing the test statistic for the related-samples t test. 
B)  Using the repeated-measures design, we analyze raw scores, whereas using the matched-samples design, we analyze difference scores before computing the test statistic for the related-samples t test. 
C)  Using the repeated-measures design, we treat each pair of scores as related; we do not treat each pair of scores as related using the matched-samples design. 
D)  The test statistic for the repeated measures and the matched-samples design does not differ; the test statistic is computed the same. 
A)  Using the matched-samples design, we analyze raw scores, whereas using the repeated measures, we analyze difference scores before computing the test statistic for the related-samples t test. 
B)  Using the repeated-measures design, we analyze raw scores, whereas using the matched-samples design, we analyze difference scores before computing the test statistic for the related-samples t test. 
C)  Using the repeated-measures design, we treat each pair of scores as related; we do not treat each pair of scores as related using the matched-samples design. 
D)  The test statistic for the repeated measures and the matched-samples design does not differ; the test statistic is computed the same.

Question 10

A researcher tests how well participants know their spouse while under hypnosis,and again without hypnosis.It was hypothesized that participant responses would be more accurate (greater number of correct responses)when under hypnosis.The mean number of correct responses was M = 5.30 under hypnosis and M = 3.40 without hypnosis in a sample of 30 participants.If the estimated standard error for difference scores was 2.52,then what is the decision at a .05 level of significance (two-tailed test)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retain the null hypothesis; responses were more accurate under hypnosis. 
B)  Retain the null hypothesis; responses were not more accurate under hypnosis. 
C)  Reject the null hypothesis; responses were more accurate under hypnosis. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis; responses were not more accurate under hypnosis. 
A)  Retain the null hypothesis; responses were more accurate under hypnosis. 
B)  Retain the null hypothesis; responses were not more accurate under hypnosis. 
C)  Reject the null hypothesis; responses were more accurate under hypnosis. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis; responses were not more accurate under hypnosis.

Question 11

Two researchers analyze the same data set.Researcher A uses a two-independent-sample t test and decides to retain the null hypothesis.Researcher B uses a related-samples t test and decides to reject the null hypothesis.Which of the following is a likely explanation for the disparity in the decisions made?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two-independent-sample t test had greater power to detect the effect. 
B)  The two-independent-sample t test was associated with fewer degrees of freedom. 
C)  The related-samples t test had greater power to detect the effect. 
D)  The related-samples t test was associated with more degrees of freedom. 
A)  The two-independent-sample t test had greater power to detect the effect. 
B)  The two-independent-sample t test was associated with fewer degrees of freedom. 
C)  The related-samples t test had greater power to detect the effect. 
D)  The related-samples t test was associated with more degrees of freedom.

Question 12

As the value of the test statistic for a related-samples t test increases,the likelihood of deciding to retain the null hypothesis also increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A type of related-samples design in which participants are observed more than once is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated-measures design. 
B)  matched-pairs design. 
C)  matched-samples design. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  repeated-measures design. 
B)  matched-pairs design. 
C)  matched-samples design. 
D)  all of these.

Question 14

Compared to the two-independent-sample t test,the related-samples design decreases

Accepted Answer

A)  power. 
B)  effect size. 
C)  standard error. 
D)  significance. 
A)  power. 
B)  effect size. 
C)  standard error. 
D)  significance.

Question 15

Which of the following identifies a large effect size for a t test?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\eta$2= .25 
B)  d = .76 
C)  $\omega$2 = .20 
D)  t = 2.32 
A)  $\eta$2= .25 
B)  d = .76 
C)  $\omega$2 = .20 
D)  t = 2.32

Question 16

For the related-samples t test,assuming that all other values remain constant,then as samples size increases,

Accepted Answer

A)  the value of the test statistic increases. 
B)  the power to detect an effect increases. 
C)  the estimate for standard error decreases. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  the value of the test statistic increases. 
B)  the power to detect an effect increases. 
C)  the estimate for standard error decreases. 
D)  all of these.

Question 17

All other things being equal,increasing the sample size will ______ the value of the test statistic for a related-samples t test.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  have no effect on 
A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  have no effect on

Question 18

The assumptions for a related-samples t test apply to both the repeated-measures and matched-pairs designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A researcher sampled 16 couples and measured the mean difference in their marital satisfaction.Each couple was paired and the differences in their ratings (on a 7-point scale)were taken.If the mean difference in satisfaction ratings for this sample was 1.8 ± 2.0 (MD ± SD),then what is the decision at a .05 level of significance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Satisfaction ratings do not significantly differ, t(14) = 0.90. 
B)  Satisfaction ratings do not significantly differ, t(15) = 0.90. 
C)  Satisfaction ratings significantly differ, t(14) = 3.60. 
D)  Satisfaction ratings significantly differ, t(15) = 3.60. 
A)  Satisfaction ratings do not significantly differ, t(14) = 0.90. 
B)  Satisfaction ratings do not significantly differ, t(15) = 0.90. 
C)  Satisfaction ratings significantly differ, t(14) = 3.60. 
D)  Satisfaction ratings significantly differ, t(15) = 3.60.

Question 20

To compute the related-samples t test,we assume independence within groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The related-samples design can the power to detect an effect by making the standard error .

The denominator of the test statistic for a related-samples t test

"Elementary school children spent significantly more time reading the presence of a teacher than when the teacher was absent,t(7)= 2.804,p < .05 ( $\omega$ ² = .46)." In this related-samples t test,how many participants were observed?

The repeated-measures design,but not the matched-pairs design,is associated with greater power to detect an effect compared with the independent-samples design.

A researcher selected a sample of 24 participants and observed their behavior at two times.The result of a related-samples t test at a .05 level of significance was t = 2.68.Which of the following correctly describes the result of this test?

To compute a related-samples t test,a researcher has to know many values.Which of the following is NOT a value that the researcher must know to compute this test?

The test statistic for the related-samples t test is equivalent to the test statistic for the two-independent-sample t test.

The decision is to reject the null hypothesis for the following related-samples t test: t(23)= 2.25,p < .05 (d = 0.18).

How does the test statistic differ for a t test using the repeated measures versus the matched-samples design?

As the value of the test statistic for a related-samples t test increases,the likelihood of deciding to retain the null hypothesis also increases.

A type of related-samples design in which participants are observed more than once is called a

Compared to the two-independent-sample t test,the related-samples design decreases

Which of the following identifies a large effect size for a t test?

For the related-samples t test,assuming that all other values remain constant,then as samples size increases,

All other things being equal,increasing the sample size will ______ the value of the test statistic for a related-samples t test.

The assumptions for a related-samples t test apply to both the repeated-measures and matched-pairs designs.

To compute the related-samples t test,we assume independence within groups.

Introduction to Statistics

Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in Tables and Graphs

Summarizing Data: Central Tendency

Summarizing Data: Variability

Probability

Probability, normal Distributions, and Z Scores

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing: Significance,effect Size,and Power

Testing Means: One-Sample and Two-Independent-Sample T Tests

Estimation and Confidence Intervals

Analysis of Variance: One-Way Between-Subjects Design

Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects Repeated-Measuresdesign

Analysis of Variance: Two-Way Between-Subjects Factorial Design

Correlation

Linear Regression and Multiple Regression

Nonparametric Tests: Chi-Square Tests

Nonparametric Tests: Tests for Ordinal Data

Filters

Exam 10: Testing Means: Truehe Related-Samples T Test

The related-samples design can ______ the power to detect an effect by making the standard error ______.

The denominator of the test statistic for a related-samples t test

"Elementary school children spent significantly more time reading the presence of a teacher than when the teacher was absent,t(7)= 2.804,p < .05 ( ω\omegaω 2 = .46)." In this related-samples t test,how many participants were observed?

The repeated-measures design,but not the matched-pairs design,is associated with greater power to detect an effect compared with the independent-samples design.

A researcher selected a sample of 24 participants and observed their behavior at two times.The result of a related-samples t test at a .05 level of significance was t = 2.68.Which of the following correctly describes the result of this test?

To compute a related-samples t test,a researcher has to know many values.Which of the following is NOT a value that the researcher must know to compute this test?

The test statistic for the related-samples t test is equivalent to the test statistic for the two-independent-sample t test.

The decision is to reject the null hypothesis for the following related-samples t test: t(23)= 2.25,p < .05 (d = 0.18).

How does the test statistic differ for a t test using the repeated measures versus the matched-samples design?

As the value of the test statistic for a related-samples t test increases,the likelihood of deciding to retain the null hypothesis also increases.

A type of related-samples design in which participants are observed more than once is called a

Compared to the two-independent-sample t test,the related-samples design decreases

Which of the following identifies a large effect size for a t test?

For the related-samples t test,assuming that all other values remain constant,then as samples size increases,

All other things being equal,increasing the sample size will ______ the value of the test statistic for a related-samples t test.

The assumptions for a related-samples t test apply to both the repeated-measures and matched-pairs designs.

To compute the related-samples t test,we assume independence within groups.

Introduction to Statistics

Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in Tables and Graphs

Summarizing Data: Central Tendency

Summarizing Data: Variability

Probability

Probability, normal Distributions, and Z Scores

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing: Significance,effect Size,and Power

Testing Means: One-Sample and Two-Independent-Sample T Tests

Estimation and Confidence Intervals

Analysis of Variance: One-Way Between-Subjects Design

Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects Repeated-Measuresdesign

Analysis of Variance: Two-Way Between-Subjects Factorial Design

Correlation

Linear Regression and Multiple Regression

Nonparametric Tests: Chi-Square Tests

Nonparametric Tests: Tests for Ordinal Data

Filters

The related-samples design can the power to detect an effect by making the standard error .

"Elementary school children spent significantly more time reading the presence of a teacher than when the teacher was absent,t(7)= 2.804,p < .05 ( $\omega$ ² = .46)." In this related-samples t test,how many participants were observed?