Exam 8: Epidemiological Methods in Sport and Exercise Science

Selection bias is caused by enrolling only certain subjects from a community when broader representation is desired.

Specificity of association is the requirement that the pattern of reduced risk seen with increasing levels of an agent must remain in the presence and in the absence of other potential causes of the disease.

Which is NOT a personal attribute that manifests itself in the host?

Which is NOT true about epidemiology?

What is true of epidemiological studies? Select all that apply.

Because animal experiments allow for tight control (and as such, increase the validity of the research) and can confirm mechanisms in the absence of human population studies, this type of research ranks higher on the evidence pyramid.

The term that is defined as the requirement that an association is not likely to be explainable by random or chance observation is called ________________________.

What is true about the discipline of epidemiology? Select all that apply.

The most common form of attributable fraction is the proportion of cases in the population that occurred in a subgroup having the risk factor of interest is called _____________________.

Prevalence is the length of time the disease or injury remains exposed to risk or mitigating factors.

The epidemiological triad includes ___________, _____________, and ________________.

Odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the rate in a population subgroup exposed to an agent that is believed to cause a disease, injury, or death to the rate in a population subgroup not exposed.

A cross-sectional study design is when the relationship between health outcomes and other factors of interest is examined within the population over time.

Plausibility is the ability to explain the association between death and disease and a proposed cause.

A negatively accelerating dose-response relationship is where larger benefits would occur at higher levels of, for instance, physical activity.

What are the factors cited as the checklist for causality in epidemiological studies? Select all that apply.

Which is the study design in which the relationship between health outcomes and other factors of interest is examined within a defined population at one particular time?

The application of epidemiology requires knowledge of causal factors relative to the occurrence of specific health events in order to determine cause and effect.

Case-control data must have existed before the disease or injury (i.e., historical data).

The term that is defined as the requirement that a proposed cause produces similar effects across different conditions is called _____________________________________.