Question 1

The ozone layer

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents 99 % of the ultraviolet radiation produced by the Sun from reaching Earth. 
B)  forms in the stratosphere when free oxygen atoms combine with oxygen gas molecules. 
C)  has been depleted for decades but is projected to recover to 1980 levels by 2050. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  prevents 99 % of the ultraviolet radiation produced by the Sun from reaching Earth. 
B)  forms in the stratosphere when free oxygen atoms combine with oxygen gas molecules. 
C)  has been depleted for decades but is projected to recover to 1980 levels by 2050. 
D)  All of these are correct. D

Question 2

Describe the difference between primary and secondary pollutants and identify the specific pollutants that are involved with acid deposition. In addition, explain why the effects of acid deposition are more severe along the East Coast compared to the rest of the United States.

Accepted Answer

Primary pollutants emit directly from a source, whereas secondary pollutants are the product of reactions occurring in the atmosphere. The primary pollutants of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which emitted from coal-fired power plants, automobile exhaust, and a range of agricultural and industrial processes, react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form the secondary pollutants of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Precipitation of these acidic solutions is known as acid deposition, or "acid rain." The prevailing wind and precipitation patterns in the continental United States carry pollutants hundreds of miles from coal-fired power plants and other sources in the Midwest to the East Coast and many areas in the northeastern United States and in Canada.

Question 3

The policy strategy known as tradeable emission allowances was specifically created to address which pollutant?

Accepted Answer

A)  lead additives in gasoline and paints 
B)  carbon monoxide from vehicle exhaust systems 
C)  sulfur dioxide gas from coal-burning power plants 
D)  chlorofluorocarbons in aerosols and refrigerants 
A)  lead additives in gasoline and paints 
B)  carbon monoxide from vehicle exhaust systems 
C)  sulfur dioxide gas from coal-burning power plants 
D)  chlorofluorocarbons in aerosols and refrigerants C

Question 4

Which factor associates with increased temperature at Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  a lower latitude relative to the equator and poles 
B)  a higher altitude relative to sea level 
C)  a coastal area relative to an inland area 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  a lower latitude relative to the equator and poles 
B)  a higher altitude relative to sea level 
C)  a coastal area relative to an inland area 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 5

Prevailing wind patterns near the top of the troposphere, where the Hadley and Ferrel cells join and where the Ferrel and polar cells meet, are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Coriolis effects. 
B)  jet streams. 
C)  trade winds. 
D)  doldrums. 
A)  Coriolis effects. 
B)  jet streams. 
C)  trade winds. 
D)  doldrums.

Question 6

As president of the Environmental Science Club, Kayla is trying to decide when to schedule a highway litter pickup day. The weather map for this week shows an "H" over the area. An "L" covers the area for the following week. Explain what the H's and L's refer to and when she should schedule this outdoor activity to avoid rainy weather.

Accepted Answer

Weather maps show areas of high and low

Question 7

Select the phrase that describes volatile organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A)  compounds including formaldehyde, toluene, and acetone 
B)  compounds that can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation 
C)  compounds that react with nitrogen oxides to form smog 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  compounds including formaldehyde, toluene, and acetone 
B)  compounds that can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation 
C)  compounds that react with nitrogen oxides to form smog 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 8

Humidity refers to the amount of 	in a given volume of air.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen and water vapor 
B)  water vapor 
C)  oxygen and water vapor 
D)  nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor 
A)  nitrogen and water vapor 
B)  water vapor 
C)  oxygen and water vapor 
D)  nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor

Question 9

How do primary pollutants differ from secondary pollutants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary pollutants include natural sources of air pollution such as volcanoes, whereas secondary pollutants result from human activity. 
B)  Primary pollutants emit directly from a source, whereas secondary pollutants result from reactions occurring in the atmosphere. 
C)  Primary pollutants are larger than 50 micrometers in size, whereas secondary pollutants are smaller than 50 micrometers. 
D)  Primary pollutants are produced by one source, such as a power plant, whereas secondary pollutants are produced by many smaller sources, such as automobile emissions. 
A)  Primary pollutants include natural sources of air pollution such as volcanoes, whereas secondary pollutants result from human activity. 
B)  Primary pollutants emit directly from a source, whereas secondary pollutants result from reactions occurring in the atmosphere. 
C)  Primary pollutants are larger than 50 micrometers in size, whereas secondary pollutants are smaller than 50 micrometers. 
D)  Primary pollutants are produced by one source, such as a power plant, whereas secondary pollutants are produced by many smaller sources, such as automobile emissions.

Question 10

Which phrase characterizes a high-pressure system in the Northern Hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  warm, rising air that cools as it expands into higher altitudes 
B)  air that spirals upward and counterclockwise at low levels 
C)  a system containing cooling air that is becoming denser and heavier 
D)  water vapor that is condensing and usually produces precipitation 
A)  warm, rising air that cools as it expands into higher altitudes 
B)  air that spirals upward and counterclockwise at low levels 
C)  a system containing cooling air that is becoming denser and heavier 
D)  water vapor that is condensing and usually produces precipitation

Question 11

Select the phrase that correctly describes smog.

Accepted Answer

A)  a gas produced when coal is burned without abundant oxygen 
B)  a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants 
C)  a substance that forms when sunlight reacts with vehicle exhaust 
D)  a substance that impairs the ability of blood to carry oxygen 
A)  a gas produced when coal is burned without abundant oxygen 
B)  a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants 
C)  a substance that forms when sunlight reacts with vehicle exhaust 
D)  a substance that impairs the ability of blood to carry oxygen

Question 12

Select the circulation system that is responsible for the heavy precipitation in the Amazon jungle at the equator and the dry conditions in the Sahara Desert at latitude 30 $\degree$ N.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ferrel cells 
B)  equatorial high-pressure belts 
C)  Hadley cells 
D)  subtropical low-pressure belts 
A)  Ferrel cells 
B)  equatorial high-pressure belts 
C)  Hadley cells 
D)  subtropical low-pressure belts

Question 13

Particulate matter

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
B)  can cause respiratory ailments such as asthma. 
C)  is an example of a secondary pollutant. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
B)  can cause respiratory ailments such as asthma. 
C)  is an example of a secondary pollutant. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 14

Select the correct statement about wind.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rising warm air draws in colder air, which takes its place. 
B)  String winds may result from large pressure differences at a front. 
C)  Air naturally flows from high-pressure to low-pressure areas. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  Rising warm air draws in colder air, which takes its place. 
B)  String winds may result from large pressure differences at a front. 
C)  Air naturally flows from high-pressure to low-pressure areas. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 15

Most man-made satellites orbit in the 	, the top layer of the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  mesosphere 
B)  thermosphere 
C)  troposphere 
D)  stratosphere 
A)  mesosphere 
B)  thermosphere 
C)  troposphere 
D)  stratosphere

Question 16

Which term refers to the amount of force applied by a gas per unit area over which the force is distributed?

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure 
B)  volume 
C)  weight 
D)  density 
A)  pressure 
B)  volume 
C)  weight 
D)  density

Question 17

Soot from forest fires, smoke from cigarettes, and photochemical smog are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  primary pollutants. 
B)  secondary pollutants. 
C)  air pollution. 
D)  volatile organic compounds. 
A)  primary pollutants. 
B)  secondary pollutants. 
C)  air pollution. 
D)  volatile organic compounds.

Question 18

Select the secondary pollutant.

Accepted Answer

A)  ground-level ozone 
B)  volatile organic compounds 
C)  nitrogen oxides 
D)  particulate matter 
A)  ground-level ozone 
B)  volatile organic compounds 
C)  nitrogen oxides 
D)  particulate matter

Question 19

Select the phrase that describes an air mass.

Accepted Answer

A)  a large, local volume of air with relatively uniform temperature and humidity 
B)  the boundary that separates high- and low-pressure systems 
C)  the pressure exerted by Earth's atmosphere at a particular altitude 
D)  a measure of the particulate matter that is suspended in a volume of air 
A)  a large, local volume of air with relatively uniform temperature and humidity 
B)  the boundary that separates high- and low-pressure systems 
C)  the pressure exerted by Earth's atmosphere at a particular altitude 
D)  a measure of the particulate matter that is suspended in a volume of air

Question 20

The vehicle exhaust from millions of cars in the city of Los Angeles reacts with sunlight to generate photochemical smog. Explain how the mountains that surround Los Angeles serve as a natural pollution trap. In addition, if you lived in Los Angeles, what actions could you take to reduce your personal contribution to photochemical smog?

Accepted Answer

In normal conditions, sunlight warms the

The ozone layer

Describe the difference between primary and secondary pollutants and identify the specific pollutants that are involved with acid deposition. In addition, explain why the effects of acid deposition are more severe along the East Coast compared to the rest of the United States.

The policy strategy known as tradeable emission allowances was specifically created to address which pollutant?

Which factor associates with increased temperature at Earth's surface?

Prevailing wind patterns near the top of the troposphere, where the Hadley and Ferrel cells join and where the Ferrel and polar cells meet, are known as

Select the phrase that describes volatile organic compounds.

Humidity refers to the amount of in a given volume of air.

How do primary pollutants differ from secondary pollutants?

Which phrase characterizes a high-pressure system in the Northern Hemisphere?

Select the phrase that correctly describes smog.

Select the circulation system that is responsible for the heavy precipitation in the Amazon jungle at the equator and the dry conditions in the Sahara Desert at latitude 30 $\degree$ N.

Particulate matter

Select the correct statement about wind.

Most man-made satellites orbit in the , the top layer of the atmosphere.

Which term refers to the amount of force applied by a gas per unit area over which the force is distributed?

Soot from forest fires, smoke from cigarettes, and photochemical smog are all examples of

Select the secondary pollutant.

Select the phrase that describes an air mass.

Environmental Science and Sustainability: Whats the Big Idea

Ethics, Economics, and Policy: Who or What Do We Value

Matter and Energy: What Are the Building Blocks of Sustainability

Life: What Shapes Biodiversity

Conservation: Why Is It Important to Protect Biodiversity

Human Population: Can We Have Too Many People

Water: How Do We Use It and Affect Its Quality

Land: How Does It Shape Us

Systems and Cycles: Are We Changing Earths Life Support System

Climate: How Does Global Climate Change

Food: How Do We Feed Ourselves

Fossil Fuels: Energy of the Industrial Age

Energy Alternatives: How Are Our Energy Decisions Changing

Waste: What Happens to All the Stuff We Use

Urbanization: Why Are Cities Growing

Environmental Health and Justice: How Does Our Environment Affect Our Health

Decision Making: Why Do Our Choices Matter

Groups and Organizations: How Do We Work Together for Sustainability

Government: How Can Policy Influence Sustainability

Filters

Exam 8: Air: What Are We Breathing

The ozone layer

Describe the difference between primary and secondary pollutants and identify the specific pollutants that are involved with acid deposition. In addition, explain why the effects of acid deposition are more severe along the East Coast compared to the rest of the United States.

The policy strategy known as tradeable emission allowances was specifically created to address which pollutant?

Which factor associates with increased temperature at Earth's surface?

Prevailing wind patterns near the top of the troposphere, where the Hadley and Ferrel cells join and where the Ferrel and polar cells meet, are known as

Select the phrase that describes volatile organic compounds.

Humidity refers to the amount of in a given volume of air.

How do primary pollutants differ from secondary pollutants?

Which phrase characterizes a high-pressure system in the Northern Hemisphere?

Select the phrase that correctly describes smog.

Select the circulation system that is responsible for the heavy precipitation in the Amazon jungle at the equator and the dry conditions in the Sahara Desert at latitude 30 °\degree° N.

Particulate matter

Select the correct statement about wind.

Most man-made satellites orbit in the , the top layer of the atmosphere.

Which term refers to the amount of force applied by a gas per unit area over which the force is distributed?

Soot from forest fires, smoke from cigarettes, and photochemical smog are all examples of

Select the secondary pollutant.

Select the phrase that describes an air mass.

Environmental Science and Sustainability: Whats the Big Idea

Ethics, Economics, and Policy: Who or What Do We Value

Matter and Energy: What Are the Building Blocks of Sustainability

Life: What Shapes Biodiversity

Conservation: Why Is It Important to Protect Biodiversity

Human Population: Can We Have Too Many People

Water: How Do We Use It and Affect Its Quality

Land: How Does It Shape Us

Systems and Cycles: Are We Changing Earths Life Support System

Climate: How Does Global Climate Change

Food: How Do We Feed Ourselves

Fossil Fuels: Energy of the Industrial Age

Energy Alternatives: How Are Our Energy Decisions Changing

Waste: What Happens to All the Stuff We Use

Urbanization: Why Are Cities Growing

Environmental Health and Justice: How Does Our Environment Affect Our Health

Decision Making: Why Do Our Choices Matter

Groups and Organizations: How Do We Work Together for Sustainability

Government: How Can Policy Influence Sustainability

Filters

Select the circulation system that is responsible for the heavy precipitation in the Amazon jungle at the equator and the dry conditions in the Sahara Desert at latitude 30 $\degree$ N.