Exam 19: Symbioses

In canine heartworm infections, what is the role played by mosquitoes?

Lichens are common on tree trunks and rocks throughout Canada. These composite organisms involve the symbiosis of a fungus and either a green alga or a cyanobacterium. In this symbiosis, each species is dependent upon the other. The term used to describe this type of relationship is

The chart below provides brief definitions for five types of symbiosis discussed in this chapter. From the following options, choose which corrrectly matches each type of symbiosis with its definition.

Mitochondria within human cells have their own DNA, but it is a relatively tiny genome encoding just thirteen proteins. Most of the genes required to make mitochondria are actually found in the nuclear genome of cells. What type of phenomenon is exemplified by this situation?

If a symbiotic relationship benefits one partner while having no discernible effect on the other partner, what is the relationship called?

Which type of life cycle does the canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) have?

Symbiotic relationships should not be considered to be necessarily stable. What process continues to occur between the partners that might constantly affect and alter the nature of the relationship?

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between a rose flower and the many species of insects that feed on its nectar and carry away pollen while doing so?

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Elephantiasis is a condition causing disfigurement in people due to excessive swelling of the extremities. The origin of the problem is tiny parasitic worms that make their home in the lymphatic system. What are these worms?

In endosymbiosis one organism lives inside another. Which of the following is an example of endosymbiosis?

Blue jays eat seeds from a variety of tree species. The jays play an important role in dispersing these seeds, but also benefit from the high energy content of the seeds. Which of the following terms best describes the kind of symbiotic relationship that exists between the trees and the blue jays?

The two plants shown here have been watered and fertilized identically, and have been maintained in exactly the same light and temperature conditions. What is the difference between the plant on the left and the one on the right in the picture below?

Many species of parasitic tapeworms that are adapted to live in the human digestive tract have lost their ability to digest food into its component macronutrients. They instead rely on the human digestive system to do this for them and simply absorb these macronutrients once they are available. The adaptation of the tapeworm in this instance is an example of

Anglerfish live deep in the ocean where very little light can penetrate. As their name suggests, they capture prey using a strategy of ambush. Their bait is a small 'lure' organ that contains luminescent bacteria, which they dangle just in front of their mouths. What kind of symbiotic relationship is exemplified by this example?

The alga Oophila amblystomatis live inside embryos of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum). The alga consumes the carbon dioxide produced by the embryo and provides it with oxygen. What type of relationship is this?

Numerous parasites are passed from host to host by mosquito species that feed on blood. What is the term used to describe the mosquito species in this context?

A plant species provides nectar to, and can be pollinated by, multiple insect and hummingbird species. What kind of mutualism is this an example of?

What is the difference between an obligate and a facultative symbiosis?

The hair louse that affects humans makes its living by sucking blood from its host. What type of parasite are lice?