Question 1

Label the indicated parts of the bacteriophage.
   a. ____________________
b. ____________________
c. ____________________
d. ____________________

Accepted Answer

A = Head; B = DNA; C = Tail sheath; D = Tail fibre

Question 2

If a pathogenic illness is transmitted through the ingestion of food, we know that it

Accepted Answer

A)  must be a prion. 
B)  must be a virus. 
C)  could be a prion or virus. 
D)  must be a dsDNA virus. 
A)  must be a prion. 
B)  must be a virus. 
C)  could be a prion or virus. 
D)  must be a dsDNA virus. C

Question 3

Following viral infection, new viral genes will be produced using the host cell's

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid pools. 
B)  DNA molecules. 
C)  RNA molecules. 
D)  genome. 
A)  nucleic acid pools. 
B)  DNA molecules. 
C)  RNA molecules. 
D)  genome. A

Question 4

A bacteriophage typically cannot infect a human cell because

Accepted Answer

A)  human cells do not have a circular genome, which this type of virus requires. 
B)  the human cell wall blocks the injection of the bacteriophage genetic material. 
C)  macrophages destroy bacteriophages before they are able to infect other cells. 
D)  human cells lack the cell surface proteins that bacteriophages must interact with. 
A)  human cells do not have a circular genome, which this type of virus requires. 
B)  the human cell wall blocks the injection of the bacteriophage genetic material. 
C)  macrophages destroy bacteriophages before they are able to infect other cells. 
D)  human cells lack the cell surface proteins that bacteriophages must interact with.

Question 5

In horizontal gene transfer a gene can be transferred between

Accepted Answer

A)  two different chromosomes within an individual. 
B)  mother and daughter cell during replication. 
C)  a virus and the host genome. 
D)  two daughter cells during replication. 
A)  two different chromosomes within an individual. 
B)  mother and daughter cell during replication. 
C)  a virus and the host genome. 
D)  two daughter cells during replication.

Question 6

With respect to viruses, what does the term 'host range' mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  the geographical area within which a virus is active 
B)  the number of different host species that a virus can infect 
C)  the range of the virus's host species 
D)  the genetic distance between sister viruses 
A)  the geographical area within which a virus is active 
B)  the number of different host species that a virus can infect 
C)  the range of the virus's host species 
D)  the genetic distance between sister viruses

Question 7

Which of the following statements correctly describe rhinovirus?

Accepted Answer

A)  It affects multiple tissues including liver and brain. 
B)  It affects just the cells lining the upper respiratory tract. 
C)  It is the cause of measles and mumps. 
D)  It infects several species of mammals, but not humans. 
A)  It affects multiple tissues including liver and brain. 
B)  It affects just the cells lining the upper respiratory tract. 
C)  It is the cause of measles and mumps. 
D)  It infects several species of mammals, but not humans.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding the life cycle of a virus is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  A virus will only interact with a single species. 
B)  A virus may interact with vector species and host species. 
C)  A virus will always kill the cell that it infects. 
D)  A virus will always kill the host species. 
A)  A virus will only interact with a single species. 
B)  A virus may interact with vector species and host species. 
C)  A virus will always kill the cell that it infects. 
D)  A virus will always kill the host species.

Question 9

Some viruses, like human papilloma virus (HPV) can cause cancer. How does HPV do this?

Accepted Answer

A)  by killing healthy cells and thus giving cancerous cells an advantage 
B)  by stimulating re-entry into the cell cycle in infected cells 
C)  by causing mutations in the host cell's genome 
D)  by conferring resistance to anti-cancer drugs 
A)  by killing healthy cells and thus giving cancerous cells an advantage 
B)  by stimulating re-entry into the cell cycle in infected cells 
C)  by causing mutations in the host cell's genome 
D)  by conferring resistance to anti-cancer drugs

Question 10

Many viruses are surrounded by a 'viral envelope,' which is made from

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane phospholipids taken from the host cell. 
B)  membrane phospholipids synthesized by the virus. 
C)  protein taken from the host cell. 
D)  protein synthesized by the virus. 
A)  membrane phospholipids taken from the host cell. 
B)  membrane phospholipids synthesized by the virus. 
C)  protein taken from the host cell. 
D)  protein synthesized by the virus.

Question 11

The deadliest viruses for a population of people tend to be those which

Accepted Answer

A)  that population has never come in contact with before. 
B)  have the most DNA or RNA. 
C)  infect the respiratory tract or the digestive system. 
D)  have been in existence for a very long time. 
A)  that population has never come in contact with before. 
B)  have the most DNA or RNA. 
C)  infect the respiratory tract or the digestive system. 
D)  have been in existence for a very long time.

Question 12

Rickettsia is a genus of bacteria causing serious infections in humans. Rickettsia reproduce inside of human cells, and they are dependent upon the host cell's machinery to do so. Like a virus, once replicated, Rickettsia are released from the host cell and can then go on to infect other cells. For Rickettsia to be considered a virus rather than a bacterium, what properties must it have?

Accepted Answer

A)  contain proteins, RNA, or DNA 
B)  be reliant upon the host cell's protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis machinery 
C)  reproduce by budding 
D)  cause a specific disease 
A)  contain proteins, RNA, or DNA 
B)  be reliant upon the host cell's protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis machinery 
C)  reproduce by budding 
D)  cause a specific disease

Question 13

The mitochondrial RNA polymerase of human cells is related to the T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase. This appears, therefore, to be a case of

Accepted Answer

A)  viral infection. 
B)  horizontal gene transfer. 
C)  evolution. 
D)  prion infection. 
A)  viral infection. 
B)  horizontal gene transfer. 
C)  evolution. 
D)  prion infection.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the initial interaction between a virus and a host animal cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the result of a random collision, and any virus can adhere to any cell. 
B)  Proteins on the virus's surface recognize specific proteins on the host cell. 
C)  Viral DNA binds to specific proteins on the surface of the host cell. 
D)  Cilia on the host cell will attempt to repel incoming viruses. 
A)  It is the result of a random collision, and any virus can adhere to any cell. 
B)  Proteins on the virus's surface recognize specific proteins on the host cell. 
C)  Viral DNA binds to specific proteins on the surface of the host cell. 
D)  Cilia on the host cell will attempt to repel incoming viruses.

Question 15

Viruses are generally not considered to be living organisms because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are too small. 
B)  cannot evolve. 
C)  cannot replicate independently. 
D)  have no mechanism for self-propulsion. 
A)  are too small. 
B)  cannot evolve. 
C)  cannot replicate independently. 
D)  have no mechanism for self-propulsion.

Question 16

Which of the following is a method for the transmission of prion diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhalation of airborne particles 
B)  consuming foods infected with the prion virus 
C)  consuming material that contains prions 
D)  contact between aerosolized particles and mucous membranes 
A)  inhalation of airborne particles 
B)  consuming foods infected with the prion virus 
C)  consuming material that contains prions 
D)  contact between aerosolized particles and mucous membranes

Question 17

Which of the following descriptions about the characteristics of viruses is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain nucleic acids like DNA or RNA. 
B)  They include metabolic pathways for synthesizing proteins. 
C)  They are unable to evolve. 
D)  The have the ability to infect only a single host species. 
A)  They contain nucleic acids like DNA or RNA. 
B)  They include metabolic pathways for synthesizing proteins. 
C)  They are unable to evolve. 
D)  The have the ability to infect only a single host species.

Question 18

Why does vaccination protect us from viral infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  because the vaccination allows the immune system to recognize the virus and destroy it 
B)  because the vaccine will stay in the bloodstream and destroy the virus as it enters 
C)  because the vaccine will stay inside of the body's cells and prevent the virus from replicating 
D)  because the vaccination generally boosted the body's immune system, thus protecting it from all foreign invaders 
A)  because the vaccination allows the immune system to recognize the virus and destroy it 
B)  because the vaccine will stay in the bloodstream and destroy the virus as it enters 
C)  because the vaccine will stay inside of the body's cells and prevent the virus from replicating 
D)  because the vaccination generally boosted the body's immune system, thus protecting it from all foreign invaders

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the infection of a host cell by an adenovirus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The membrane surrounding the adenovirus fuses with the host cell membrane. 
B)  A hypodermic needle-like structure on the adenovirus injects its DNA into the host cell. 
C)  The virus must enter a damaged cell in which the membrane has been compromised. 
D)  The virus must enter the host cell while the host cell is replicating. 
A)  The membrane surrounding the adenovirus fuses with the host cell membrane. 
B)  A hypodermic needle-like structure on the adenovirus injects its DNA into the host cell. 
C)  The virus must enter a damaged cell in which the membrane has been compromised. 
D)  The virus must enter the host cell while the host cell is replicating.

Question 20

In this figure, depicting the series of events during a viral infection and release from a cell, what is happening at stage 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral DNA is replicated. 
B)  Viral DNA is transcribed. 
C)  Viral mRNA is translated. 
D)  Viral mRNA is replicated. 
A)  Viral DNA is replicated. 
B)  Viral DNA is transcribed. 
C)  Viral mRNA is translated. 
D)  Viral mRNA is replicated.

Label the indicated parts of the bacteriophage. a. b. c. d.

If a pathogenic illness is transmitted through the ingestion of food, we know that it

Following viral infection, new viral genes will be produced using the host cell's

A bacteriophage typically cannot infect a human cell because

In horizontal gene transfer a gene can be transferred between

With respect to viruses, what does the term 'host range' mean?

Which of the following statements correctly describe rhinovirus?

Which of the following statements regarding the life cycle of a virus is correct?

Some viruses, like human papilloma virus (HPV) can cause cancer. How does HPV do this?

Many viruses are surrounded by a 'viral envelope,' which is made from

The deadliest viruses for a population of people tend to be those which

The mitochondrial RNA polymerase of human cells is related to the T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase. This appears, therefore, to be a case of

Which of the following best describes the initial interaction between a virus and a host animal cell?

Viruses are generally not considered to be living organisms because they

Which of the following is a method for the transmission of prion diseases?

Which of the following descriptions about the characteristics of viruses is true?

Why does vaccination protect us from viral infection?

Which of the following best describes the infection of a host cell by an adenovirus?

In this figure, depicting the series of events during a viral infection and release from a cell, what is happening at stage 3?

Exploring Biology and the Essential Chemistry of Life

Cellular Structure and the Compounds of Cells

Photosynthesis , Cellular Function and How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Patterns of Inheritance and the Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Gene Expression, Molecular Genetics, DNA Technology and Genomics

Speciation and Phylogeny

Bacteria, Biodiversity of Protists and Fungi

Biodiversity of Invertebrate Animals and Biodiversity of Plants

Nutrition in Plants , Biodiversity of Vertebrate Animals, Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Control Systems in Plants

Nutrition in Animals , Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Gas Exchange,circulation and Waste Removal

Hormones, Endocrine Systems, Animal Reproduction and Development

Sensation, Neurons and Nervous Systems

Animal Immune Systems and Animal Locomotion

The Biosphere and Behavioural Ecology

Community Ecology and Population Ecology

Symbioses

Ecosystem Ecology, Conservation and Sustainability

Filters

Exam 7: Viruses and Other Acellular Life

Label the indicated parts of the bacteriophage. a. ____________________ b. ____________________ c. ____________________ d. ____________________

If a pathogenic illness is transmitted through the ingestion of food, we know that it

Following viral infection, new viral genes will be produced using the host cell's

A bacteriophage typically cannot infect a human cell because

In horizontal gene transfer a gene can be transferred between

With respect to viruses, what does the term 'host range' mean?

Which of the following statements correctly describe rhinovirus?

Which of the following statements regarding the life cycle of a virus is correct?

Some viruses, like human papilloma virus (HPV) can cause cancer. How does HPV do this?

Many viruses are surrounded by a 'viral envelope,' which is made from

The deadliest viruses for a population of people tend to be those which

The mitochondrial RNA polymerase of human cells is related to the T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase. This appears, therefore, to be a case of

Which of the following best describes the initial interaction between a virus and a host animal cell?

Viruses are generally not considered to be living organisms because they

Which of the following is a method for the transmission of prion diseases?

Which of the following descriptions about the characteristics of viruses is true?

Why does vaccination protect us from viral infection?

Which of the following best describes the infection of a host cell by an adenovirus?

In this figure, depicting the series of events during a viral infection and release from a cell, what is happening at stage 3?

Exploring Biology and the Essential Chemistry of Life

Cellular Structure and the Compounds of Cells

Photosynthesis , Cellular Function and How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Patterns of Inheritance and the Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Gene Expression, Molecular Genetics, DNA Technology and Genomics

Speciation and Phylogeny

Bacteria, Biodiversity of Protists and Fungi

Biodiversity of Invertebrate Animals and Biodiversity of Plants

Nutrition in Plants , Biodiversity of Vertebrate Animals, Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Control Systems in Plants

Nutrition in Animals , Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Gas Exchange,circulation and Waste Removal

Hormones, Endocrine Systems, Animal Reproduction and Development

Sensation, Neurons and Nervous Systems

Animal Immune Systems and Animal Locomotion

The Biosphere and Behavioural Ecology

Community Ecology and Population Ecology

Symbioses

Ecosystem Ecology, Conservation and Sustainability

Filters

Label the indicated parts of the bacteriophage. a. b. c. d.