Exam 8: Relationships and Communication

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Describe the connection of intimacy and self-esteem.

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Intimacy and self-esteem are closely connected in that a healthy level of self-esteem can contribute to the ability to form and maintain intimate relationships, while intimate relationships can also have an impact on one's self-esteem.

When an individual has a positive self-esteem, they are more likely to feel secure in themselves and their worth, which can make it easier for them to open up and be vulnerable in intimate relationships. On the other hand, intimate relationships that are supportive and nurturing can also help to boost self-esteem by providing validation, acceptance, and a sense of belonging.

Conversely, individuals with low self-esteem may struggle to form and maintain intimate relationships, as they may have difficulty trusting others, expressing their needs, or feeling worthy of love and affection. Additionally, unhealthy or toxic intimate relationships can also have a negative impact on self-esteem, leading to feelings of inadequacy, unworthiness, and self-doubt.

Overall, the connection between intimacy and self-esteem highlights the importance of fostering a positive self-image and building healthy, supportive relationships in order to experience fulfilling and meaningful connections with others.

Describe constructive communication.

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Constructive communication is a style of interacting that supports positive engagement and collaboration among individuals. It is characterized by clear, honest, and direct expression of ideas, feelings, and concerns in a way that is respectful and considerate of others. The goal of constructive communication is to build understanding, resolve conflicts, and strengthen relationships rather than to criticize, blame, or assert dominance.

Key elements of constructive communication include:

1. **Active Listening**: Paying close attention to what the other person is saying, without interrupting or planning your response while they are speaking. It involves showing genuine interest in the other person's perspective and acknowledging their feelings and thoughts.

2. **Empathy**: Trying to understand the situation from the other person's point of view and recognizing their emotions. Empathy helps to create a connection and shows that you value the other person's experience.

3. **Clarity**: Being clear and precise with your words to avoid misunderstandings. This means avoiding jargon, being specific, and providing examples if necessary to ensure that your message is understood as intended.

4. **Respect**: Treating the other person with dignity and courtesy, regardless of differences in opinion. This includes using polite language, not raising your voice, and not engaging in personal attacks.

5. **Nonverbal Communication**: Being aware of and controlling your body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice to ensure they are consistent with your verbal message.

6. **Openness**: Being open to feedback and willing to consider other points of view. This involves not being defensive but rather being receptive to new information and perspectives.

7. **Assertiveness**: Expressing your own needs, rights, and opinions without infringing on the rights of others. Assertiveness is about being honest and straightforward while still being respectful.

8. **Problem-Solving**: Focusing on finding solutions rather than dwelling on problems. Constructive communication involves collaborating to identify issues and work together to find mutually beneficial solutions.

9. **Follow-Up**: Ensuring that any agreements or action plans are clearly understood by all parties and that there is a commitment to follow through.

10. **Positive Reinforcement**: Acknowledging and appreciating the efforts and contributions of others, which can help to build goodwill and trust.

Constructive communication is essential in all areas of life, including personal relationships, the workplace, and in broader social interactions. It helps to foster a positive environment where ideas can flourish, conflicts can be managed effectively, and relationships can grow stronger.

Destructive communication involves discussing the context of feelings of jealousy and exploring ways to restore and strengthen the relationship.

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Name three factors that make communication about sex difficult.

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Obsessional jealousy consumes a person with fear of interference in the relationship.

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Identify three suggestions that can help increase a couple's ability to communicate effectively.

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The most recent General Social Survey found that __________% now agree that premarital sex among adults is "not wrong at all."

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Describe why Gottman believes that conflict itself is not necessarily destructive to a relationship.

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Discuss how one's self-esteem may impact his/her ability to form intimate relationships.

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Describe the model of mutual cyclical growth.

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Discuss the four types of communicative responses to situations that create feelings of jealousy. Provide an example of each.

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Describe the factors that can cause a relationship to end.

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Describe the prediction of sexual hookups by first year college women, including the risk factors and protective factors.

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Describe the factors present in mutual cyclical growth.

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Communication that involves claims that one possesses one's partner, following or stalking one's partner, derogating one's rival, and, sometimes, directly contacting and confronting one's rival is an example of destructive communication.

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Describe how the percentage of the US population's opinion on premarital sex has changed since the early 1970s.

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Hookup is a relationship characterized by repeated sexual episodes without commitment of deep emotional feeling.

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Gottman's research on conflict between partners in a relationship supports which of the following?

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A relationship characterized only by repeated sexual episodes without commitment of deep emotional feeling is called __________.

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Which of the following best characterizes research that has compared heterosexuals' and homosexuals' relationships?

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