Exam 7: The Nature of Pollution Problems

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. Suppose that instead of $350, Angus earns only $250 by playing the bagpipes, but all other earnings remain the same. The Coase theorem predicts that Angus ________ play the bagpipes with no city ordinance banning loud music, and Angus ________ play the bagpipes if the city passes an ordinance banning loud music.

Sarah makes giant wind chime sculptures for a living. When she makes 4 sculptures, she earns $10,000. When the makes 5 sculptures, she earns $12,500. Next door, Gilbert runs a meditation clinic. When Sarah makes 4 giant wind chime sculptures, the noise from the sculptures does not disrupt his patients, and he earns $7,500. When Sarah makes 5 sculptures, the noise is disruptive and Gilbert's profits fall to $6,000. The city has an ordinance which prohibits noise that disrupts the community. a. If you were the benevolent social planner, would you like to see Sarah make 4 sculptures or 5? Why? b. If bargaining between Sarah and Gilbert is easy, how many sculptures will Sarah make? Describe the bargain that results, if any, including the amount of money that changes hands. c. Is the outcome in part b an outcome that the benevolent social planner would endorse? Why or why not?

Explain how one person getting a pneumonia vaccination creates an externality.

Economists Leigh Linden and Jonah Rockoff researched the effect of the proximity of the residences of registered sex offenders to the values of other homes in the same area and found that the effects of having a sex offender in the neighborhood

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. Dudley values silence at

Which of the following are assumptions behind the Coase theorem?

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. If Angus chooses to earn the most money and Dudley does nothing, Dudley will receive a daily payoff of

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. Suppose that instead of $350, Angus earns only $250 by playing the bagpipes, but all other earnings remain the same. If there is no ordinance against loud music, property rights belong to

When the law grants someone control of a resource, that control is referred to as a property right.

What is an externality? How are positive externalities different from negative externalities?

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. The benevolent social planner would want the outcome represented in the ________ box.

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. Suppose the city passes an ordinance banning loud music, and this directly impacts Angus's legal ability to play his bagpipes. In response to this ordinance, Angus agrees to pay Dudley $225 each day to not call the police. In this case, Angus will end up with ________ per day and Dudley will end up with ________ per day.

Pollution problems generally represent

Which of the following is an example of a positive externality?

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. Suppose the city passes an ordinance banning loud music, and this directly impacts Angus's legal ability to play his bagpipes. In response to this ordinance, Angus agrees to pay Dudley $225 each day to not call the police. In this case, the benevolent social planner would choose an outcome where Angus ________ and Dudley ________.

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. When both players act in their best interests, financially, the size of the economic pie is

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. If Angus chooses to earn the most money and Dudley calls the police, Dudley will receive a daily payoff of

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. Suppose the city passes an ordinance banning loud music, and this directly impacts Angus's legal ability to play his bagpipes. In response to this ordinance, Angus agrees to pay Dudley $225 each day to not call the police. At the equilibrium outcome, the size of the economic pie will be

Economists generally advocate for the complete elimination of pollution.

Figure 7.1: Angus and Dudley are neighbors. Angus loves to play the bagpipes and earns a living recording his bagpipe music for use as background music in the movies. If Angus does not earn a living playing bagpipes, his only other talent is mopping floors. Dudley is a linguist whose clients are actors wishing to perfect accents for upcoming roles. When Angus plays his bagpipes, Dudley and his clients have trouble listening to each other, and this has severely affected Dudley's business. Presently, there is no city ordinance against playing loud music. The payoff matrix showing the daily payoffs to each player is shown above. -Refer to Figure 7.1. Suppose the city passes an ordinance banning loud music, and this directly impacts Angus's legal ability to play his bagpipes. In response to this ordinance, Angus agrees to pay Dudley to not call the police. What is the minimum amount that Angus would have to pay Dudley each day for Dudley to be indifferent about doing nothing or calling the police?