Question 1

The F/M earnings ratio for full-time workers

Accepted Answer

A) has been steadily declining. 
B) has been roughly constant since 1980. 
C) has increased significantly since 1980. 
D) increased until 1980,but it has declined steadily during the last two decades. 
A) has been steadily declining. 
B) has been roughly constant since 1980. 
C) has increased significantly since 1980. 
D) increased until 1980,but it has declined steadily during the last two decades. C

Question 2

When female/male earnings differentials are adjusted for age,education,language,and locational characteristics,the

Accepted Answer

A) differential between the earnings of males and those of females increases substantially. 
B) differential between the earnings of males and those of females does not change much. 
C) corrected earnings of males are equal to those of similar females. 
D) corrected earnings of females are greater than those of similar males. 
A) differential between the earnings of males and those of females increases substantially. 
B) differential between the earnings of males and those of females does not change much. 
C) corrected earnings of males are equal to those of similar females. 
D) corrected earnings of females are greater than those of similar males. B

Question 3

If an employer could really hire women who were willing and able to do the same work as men for 20 percent less,profit-seeking employers would have

Accepted Answer

A) a strong incentive to hire more women,which would shrink this differential. 
B) little incentive to hire women,since hiring men would still be more profitable. 
C) a strong incentive to hire fewer women,and this would reduce the wage gap between men and women. 
D) a strong incentive to hire fewer women,which would expand the wage gap between men and women to an even higher level. 
A) a strong incentive to hire more women,which would shrink this differential. 
B) little incentive to hire women,since hiring men would still be more profitable. 
C) a strong incentive to hire fewer women,and this would reduce the wage gap between men and women. 
D) a strong incentive to hire fewer women,which would expand the wage gap between men and women to an even higher level. A

Question 4

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The earnings differential between men and women who never married is considerably smaller than the differential between married men and married women. 
B) After adjusting for education,age,language,and location,the earnings of women are almost identical with the earnings of men. 
C) Between 1980 and 2000,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers was virtually unchanged. 
D) The hourly earnings of women were approximately 60 percent of their male counterparts in 2009. 
A) The earnings differential between men and women who never married is considerably smaller than the differential between married men and married women. 
B) After adjusting for education,age,language,and location,the earnings of women are almost identical with the earnings of men. 
C) Between 1980 and 2000,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers was virtually unchanged. 
D) The hourly earnings of women were approximately 60 percent of their male counterparts in 2009.

Question 5

The share of college degrees earned by women was ____ in 2010 compared to ____ in 1961.

Accepted Answer

A) 50 percent;50 percent 
B) 47 percent;30 percent 
C) 57 percent;39 percent 
D) 51 percent;48 percent 
A) 50 percent;50 percent 
B) 47 percent;30 percent 
C) 57 percent;39 percent 
D) 51 percent;48 percent

Question 6

Which of the following factors are likely to lead to an increase in the female/male earnings ratio in the future?

Accepted Answer

A) As the labor force participation of women increases,their years of work experience will become more similar to men. 
B) In recent years,a higher proportion of women have been preparing for careers in the professions. 
C) As the proportion of families headed by a female parent increases,the average hours worked per week of female employees will decline. 
D) Both a and b are correct. 
A) As the labor force participation of women increases,their years of work experience will become more similar to men. 
B) In recent years,a higher proportion of women have been preparing for careers in the professions. 
C) As the proportion of families headed by a female parent increases,the average hours worked per week of female employees will decline. 
D) Both a and b are correct.

Question 7

"If it were not for employment discrimination against women,the average earnings of men and women would be equal." Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

Earnings differences between men and wom

Question 8

Women earn less on average than men.Which of the following would be the logical conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Women must be the victim of employment discrimination. 
B) Women must be less productive. 
C) Men must be more highly motivated and materialistic. 
D) Without consideration of preferences and productivity factors,differences in unadjusted mean earnings do not necessarily reflect employment discrimination. 
A) Women must be the victim of employment discrimination. 
B) Women must be less productive. 
C) Men must be more highly motivated and materialistic. 
D) Without consideration of preferences and productivity factors,differences in unadjusted mean earnings do not necessarily reflect employment discrimination.

Question 9

If the wages of equally qualified women were really 20 percent less than those of men,

Accepted Answer

A) profit-seeking employers would have a strong incentive to hire more women,resulting in this differential falling. 
B) profit-seeking employers would generally find that hiring men was still more profitable. 
C) employers would still be reluctant to hire women because they generally care little about their profits. 
D) profit-seeking employers would have a strong incentive to hire fewer women,resulting in this differential rising even further. 
A) profit-seeking employers would have a strong incentive to hire more women,resulting in this differential falling. 
B) profit-seeking employers would generally find that hiring men was still more profitable. 
C) employers would still be reluctant to hire women because they generally care little about their profits. 
D) profit-seeking employers would have a strong incentive to hire fewer women,resulting in this differential rising even further.

Question 10

Which of the following would tend to cause the observed earnings of women to be lower than the observed earnings of men?

Accepted Answer

A) The average woman has fewer years of schooling than the average man. 
B) The average number of hours worked is smaller for women than men. 
C) Women are more likely to prefer jobs that have more flexible hours. 
D) All of the above would be causes. 
A) The average woman has fewer years of schooling than the average man. 
B) The average number of hours worked is smaller for women than men. 
C) Women are more likely to prefer jobs that have more flexible hours. 
D) All of the above would be causes.

Question 11

In the future,the earnings differential between women and men is expected to

Accepted Answer

A) widen. 
B) become smaller. 
C) remain about the same as it is now. 
D) become smaller over the next five years then begin to widen again. 
A) widen. 
B) become smaller. 
C) remain about the same as it is now. 
D) become smaller over the next five years then begin to widen again.

Question 12

Between 1960 and 1980,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers ____.Between 1980 and 2009,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers ____.

Accepted Answer

A) changed very little;fell 
B) changed very little;rose 
C) fell;changed very little 
D) rose;changed very little 
A) changed very little;fell 
B) changed very little;rose 
C) fell;changed very little 
D) rose;changed very little

Question 13

During the decade following the passage of the 1962 equal pay legislation and the 1964 civil rights legislation,

Accepted Answer

A) the male/female wage differential became much smaller. 
B) the male/female wage differential became much larger. 
C) there was little change in the earnings of women relative to men. 
D) the educational choices of women and men became less similar. 
A) the male/female wage differential became much smaller. 
B) the male/female wage differential became much larger. 
C) there was little change in the earnings of women relative to men. 
D) the educational choices of women and men became less similar.

Question 14

In 1964 civil rights legislation was passed

Accepted Answer

A) that made it illegal for women to make less than the minimum wage. 
B) that created the No Woman Left Behind Commission. 
C) prohibiting employers from discriminating based on race and gender. 
D) requiring fields traditionally dominated by male workers to hire more female candidates. 
A) that made it illegal for women to make less than the minimum wage. 
B) that created the No Woman Left Behind Commission. 
C) prohibiting employers from discriminating based on race and gender. 
D) requiring fields traditionally dominated by male workers to hire more female candidates.

Question 15

The earnings difference between single men and women is

Accepted Answer

A) significantly more than the earnings difference between married men and women. 
B) significantly less than the earnings difference between married men and women. 
C) about the same as the earnings difference between married men and women. 
D) none of the above. 
A) significantly more than the earnings difference between married men and women. 
B) significantly less than the earnings difference between married men and women. 
C) about the same as the earnings difference between married men and women. 
D) none of the above.

Question 16

The hourly earnings of full-time working women were a little more than what percent of those of their male counterparts in 2007?

Accepted Answer

A) 60 percent 
B) 70 percent 
C) 80 percent 
D) 90 percent 
A) 60 percent 
B) 70 percent 
C) 80 percent 
D) 90 percent

Question 17

In the years ahead we can expect the F/M earnings ratio to

Accepted Answer

A) remain constant. 
B) continue to increase. 
C) continue to increase until 2020,when the 'baby boom" generation retires" and then level off. 
D) decline. 
A) remain constant. 
B) continue to increase. 
C) continue to increase until 2020,when the 'baby boom" generation retires" and then level off. 
D) decline.

Question 18

The proportion of degrees earned by women in which of the following fields has increased since 1970?

Accepted Answer

A) economics 
B) engineering 
C) architecture 
D) all of the above 
A) economics 
B) engineering 
C) architecture 
D) all of the above

Question 19

Since 1980,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers has been ____,while the labor force participation rate of women has been ____ during this same period.

Accepted Answer

A) rising;declining 
B) rising;increasing 
C) falling;increasing 
D) falling;declining 
A) rising;declining 
B) rising;increasing 
C) falling;increasing 
D) falling;declining

Question 20

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The proportion of college degrees earned by women has been virtually unchanged during the last four decades. 
B) There was a substantial increase in the earnings of women relative to men in the 1960s and 1970s following the passage of legislation prohibiting employment discrimination against women. 
C) The number of women preparing for careers as professionals has declined during the last two decades. 
D) In 2010,57 percent of those completing college degrees were women. 
A) The proportion of college degrees earned by women has been virtually unchanged during the last four decades. 
B) There was a substantial increase in the earnings of women relative to men in the 1960s and 1970s following the passage of legislation prohibiting employment discrimination against women. 
C) The number of women preparing for careers as professionals has declined during the last two decades. 
D) In 2010,57 percent of those completing college degrees were women.

Exam 39: Earnings Differences Between Men and Women

The F/M earnings ratio for full-time workers

When female/male earnings differentials are adjusted for age,education,language,and locational characteristics,the

If an employer could really hire women who were willing and able to do the same work as men for 20 percent less,profit-seeking employers would have

Which of the following is true?

The share of college degrees earned by women was ____ in 2010 compared to ____ in 1961.

Which of the following factors are likely to lead to an increase in the female/male earnings ratio in the future?

"If it were not for employment discrimination against women,the average earnings of men and women would be equal." Is this statement true or false?

Women earn less on average than men.Which of the following would be the logical conclusion?

If the wages of equally qualified women were really 20 percent less than those of men,

Which of the following would tend to cause the observed earnings of women to be lower than the observed earnings of men?

In the future,the earnings differential between women and men is expected to

Between 1960 and 1980,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers ____.Between 1980 and 2009,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers ____.

During the decade following the passage of the 1962 equal pay legislation and the 1964 civil rights legislation,

In 1964 civil rights legislation was passed

The earnings difference between single men and women is

The hourly earnings of full-time working women were a little more than what percent of those of their male counterparts in 2007?

In the years ahead we can expect the F/M earnings ratio to

The proportion of degrees earned by women in which of the following fields has increased since 1970?

Since 1980,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers has been ____,while the labor force participation rate of women has been ____ during this same period.

Which of the following is true?

The Economic Approach

Asome Tools of the Economist

Asupply,demand,and the Market Process

Asupply and Demand: Applications and Extensions

Difficult Cases for the Market and the Role of Government

The Economics of Collective Decision-Making

Ataking the Nations Economic Pulse

Economic Fluctuations, unemployment, and Inflation

Aan Introduction to Basic Macroeconomic Markets

Dynamic Change, economic Fluctuations, and the Ad-As Model

Fiscal Policy: the Keynesian View and Historical Perspective

Fiscal Policy, incentives, and Secondary Effects

Amoney and the Banking System

Modern Macroeconomics and Monetary Policy

Stabilization Policy, output, and Employment

Creating an Environment for Growth and Prosperity

Institutions,policies,and Cross-Country Differences in Income and Growth

Gaining From International Trade

International Finance and the Foreign Exchange Market

Consumer Choice and Elasticity

Acosts and the Supply of Goods

Aprice Takers and the Competitive Process

Price-Searcher Markets With Low Entry Barriers

Aprice-Searcher Markets With High Entry Barriers

The Supply of and Demand for Productive Resources

Earnings, productivity, and the Job Market

Investment, the Capital Market, and the Wealth of Nations

Income Inequality and Poverty

Government Spending and Taxation

The Economics of Social Security

The Stock Market: Its Function, Performance, and Potential As an Investment Opportunity

Great Debates in Economics: Keynes Versus Hayek

The Crisis of 2008: Causes and Lessons for the Future

Lessons From the Great Depression

Lessons From Japan and Canada

The Federal Budget and the National Debt

The Economics of Healthcare

Education: Problems and Performance

Do Labor Unions Increase the Wages of Workers

The Question of Resource Exhaustion

Difficult Environmental Cases and the Role of Government

Filters

The share of college degrees earned by women was in 2010 compared to in 1961.

Between 1960 and 1980,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers .Between 1980 and 2009,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers .

Since 1980,the female/male annual earnings ratio of full-time workers has been ,while the labor force participation rate of women has been during this same period.