Exam 13: Dna Structure and Replication

The average mutation rate for DNA replication is 1 mutation for every 10 billion (10,000,000,000) nucleotides of DNA replicated. Yet DNA polymerase makes a mistake during replication at an average of 1 in 100,000 nucleotides. What does this say about DNA replication?

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. -Which of the following choices is an example of a point mutation?

Read the information below and then answer the questions that follow. In an experiment similar to those by Beadle and Tatum, Neurospora spores were mutated and grown in minimal medium test tubes. Mutants unable to grow without the amino acid "L"were isolated. Compounds A, B, and C are precursors to L. The following data are generated by providing these compounds to the mutants. Data: All strains grow if given compound L. Strains that grow given compound B also grow if given A or C. Strains that grow given compound C do not grow if given only B or A. Strains that grow given compound A will also grow if given C, but not if given only B. -Each strain has a mutation in a different gene whose product is an enzyme in the production of amino acid L.

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. -How do most mutations affect an organism?

Match the scientist and the approximate time frame (decades) of their work with their achievements. -Modeled the molecular structure of DNA

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. -What is the difference between whole-chromosome aberrations and point mutations?

If you could add a colored label to each strand of a DNA molecule then follow the colored label in the DNA molecules that result from replication of the original DNA, in the two new molecules you would see:

Match the scientist and the approximate time frame (decades) of their work with their achievements. -Generated X-ray crystallography images of DNA

Read the information below and then answer the questions that follow. In an experiment similar to those by Beadle and Tatum, Neurospora spores were mutated and grown in minimal medium test tubes. Mutants unable to grow without the amino acid "L"were isolated. Compounds A, B, and C are precursors to L. The following data are generated by providing these compounds to the mutants. Data: All strains grow if given compound L. Strains that grow given compound B also grow if given A or C. Strains that grow given compound C do not grow if given only B or A. Strains that grow given compound A will also grow if given C, but not if given only B. -The order in which the molecules are converted in the pathway is:

How are X rays used in the technique of X-ray crystallography?

Imagine that the DNA replication error rate for a repair-deficient E. coli is 1 in 10 million. If the E. coli genome is 5 million nucleotide pairs, how often will the E. coli genome sustain a mutation in this strain, keeping in mind that both strands of a DNA molecule are replicated at once?

How were the rough locations of genes and chromosomal processes such as crossing over first visualized in detail?

Read the information below and then answer the questions that follow. In an experiment similar to those by Beadle and Tatum, Neurospora spores were mutated and grown in minimal medium test tubes. Mutants unable to grow without the amino acid "L"were isolated. Compounds A, B, and C are precursors to L. The following data are generated by providing these compounds to the mutants. Data: All strains grow if given compound L. Strains that grow given compound B also grow if given A or C. Strains that grow given compound C do not grow if given only B or A. Strains that grow given compound A will also grow if given C, but not if given only B. -George Beadle and Edward Tatum were awarded the Nobel prize for their work on:

What parts of a chromosome specify the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Individuals who have a disease such as melanoma do not necessarily have offspring with melanoma. Why is this?

What happens to the two strands of a DNA molecule that gets replicated?

If two alleles are possible for a single gene,

All of the following are bonds found in DNA molecules except:

Cancer is a disease caused by mutations. Yet in most instances if one of your parents tragically died from cancer, this does not put you at greater risk than a person whose parents do not develop cancer. How can cancer be caused by mutations and yet not be heritable?

A certain organism's genetic material is composed of 21 percent thymine. What percentage of guanine does this organism have?