Exam 3: Basic Underlying Concepts: Property, Privacy, Probable Cause, and Reasonableness

Third party information is often referred to as ________.

Do you see any changes in how "privacy" was viewed before and after Katz v. U.S. (1967)? Justify your answer.

Name two indicators of criminal activity that alone support probable cause. Compare and contrast these two indicators of criminal activity with some other indicators that, taken alone, do not support probable cause.

The leading case on corroboration of information provided by an informant is _____.

An officer receives information from dispatch that another jurisdiction is looking for a blue Ford Mustang with Louisiana license plates and a large dent in the passenger side door. The officer spots a car fitting this description. Which statement is true?

A criminal informant's ________is never presumed but must be established, usually by demonstrating the informant's track record of having given accurate information in the past.

United States v. De Los Santos, 810 F.2d 1326 (5th Cir. 1987) illustrates the _____.

The U.S. Supreme Court has a strong preference that arrests and searches be authorized by a warrant.

The common law approach to applying the Fourth Amendment to particular cases was to focus on whether _____.

A patrol officer stops a car and makes an arrest on the basis of information obtained from a bulletin that officers in another jurisdiction are looking for the driver of a certain car that was described in the bulletin. Assume that the information contained in the bulletin was incorrect. Which statement would be true?

Which of the following, standing alone, can serve as the basis for probable cause?

The police suspect that a store is illegally selling illicit drug paraphernalia. A plain clothes detective working undercover enters the store, purchases items, leaves the store, and comes back with a search warrant for the store and an arrest warrant for the store's owner. In terms of the Fourth Amendment, the initial possession of the goods by the police _____.

Define the term "reasonableness" as it relates to the Fourth Amendment inquiry. Explain the standards used to assess reasonableness.

In terms of applying the privacy right that exists under the Fourth Amendment, the amendment is said to protect __________, not __________.

When the police obtain a handwriting or voice sample from a criminal suspect, this action constitutes a seizure, thereby implicating the Fourth Amendment.

The preference that a search and/or seizure be authorized by a warrant is based on the idea that _____.

The Katz v. United States (1967) case _____.

A citizen contacts the local police department and alleges that a particular person is dealing drugs out of his home. The citizen states that (s)he thought the police should know, but that (s)he does not "want to get involved by giving my name." What information would the officer need to state in the affidavit to satisfy the first prong of Aguilar-Spinelli (basis of knowledge)?

The elements of the __________ two-pronged test are important considerations in determining the existence of probable cause based on informant testimony.

Which statement about the concept of probable cause is true?